Chem Tech Board Exam Review

June 11, 2017 – 1:30pm –

5:30pm
SI Units of Measurements &
Conversion

Leopoldo C. Radan, Jr. - MChem

 Why
To do
make we
sense, need
Suppose
to be ableforto
allwemeasurements
wanted to measure a 2 x 4need

measure both . .things?

building a house.
.

Units by themselves
Numbers by themselves
don’t
don’t make
make sense.sense.
A Number and a Unit!
A board
A board is
is meters
350 longlong
. . . .. . . .
 Estimation
Estimation is using your knowledge of
something similar in size or amount to
determine the size of the new object.
o Helps to make a rough
measurement of an
object.
o Useful when you are in a
hurry and exact numbers
are not required.
 Fundamental Quantity
• Fundamental Quantity
quantity in which unit of measure is defined
without the help of other quantities
Basic Fundamental Units:
- Length
- Mass
- Time

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 Derived Quantity
• Derived Quantity
combination of 2 or more fundamental
quantities
• Derived Units
• Density
• Force
• Velocity

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Why use the SI System?
In the U.S. we use the
English or Standard
Scientists use the SI
System, most of the rest
System worldwide
of the world uses the
because:
Metric or SI System.
• Measurements are easily understood by all
The SI (International System of Units) system
scientists
is the form of measurement
• Measurements typically
are easier to convert thanused
the by
scientists.
English system
 Basic Types of Measurement
Length: measures distance between objects
Volume: measures the amount of space
something takes up
Mass: measures the amount of matter
in an object
Other Types of measurement include:

 time
 temperature
 density
 PH
 Base SI Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of mole mol
Substance
Luminous Intensity candela cd
Electric Current ampere a
 Derived SI Units (examples)
Quantity unit Symbol
Volume cubic meter m3
Density kilograms per kg/m3
cubic meter
Speed meter per second m/s
Newton kg m/ s2 N
Energy Joule (kg m2/s2) J
Pressure Pascal (kg/(ms2) Pa
 MKS, CGS & FPS Systems
• M – meter • F – foot
• K - Kilogram • P – pound
• S – second • S – Second
• Kg-m/s2 (Newton)
• C – cm
• G – gram
• S – second
• g-cm/s2

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 Units for Volume
m3

cm3 1 dm3 = 1L

dm3 1cm3= 1mL

L Liter

mL
 Temperature

A measure of how hot or how cold an

object is.

SI Unit: the kelvin (K)

• Note: not a degree

• Absolute Zero= 0 K
Temperature Scales
Celsius and Kelvin

K= oC + 273
Farenheit and Celsius

oF= (1.8 oC ) +32

Unit for Weight

1 Newton

1 N= kg m/s2
 Units for Energy
• Joule J

• calorie 1 cal= 4.184 J

1 cal = quantity of heat needed to raise

the temp of 1g of water by 1 oC.
 Note:
1 Cal = 1kcal =1000cal
Measurement System Comparisons
MEASUREMENT ENGLISH SI SYSTEM
LENGTH Yard / Inch Meter / Centimeter
MASS Ounce / Pound Gram / Kilogram
VOLUME Quart Liter
TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit Celsius / Kelvin
TIME Second Second

All Measurement systems have standards.

Standards are exact quantities that everyone
agrees to use as a basis of comparison.
 In the English system you have to
remember so many numbers . .
• 12 inches in a foot
• 3 feet in a yard
• 5,280 feet in a mile
• 16 ounces in a pound
• 4 quarts to a gallon
In the SI System you only have to remember one number.

The SI System is based on the number 10.

The SI System uses the following prefixes:

Kilo 1000 This system works with any

SI measurement.
Hecto 100
The UNIT becomes
Deca 10 whichever type of
measurement you are
UNIT 1
making. (mass, volume, or
Deci 1/10 length)
Centi 1/100 It is the same system
Milli 1/1000 regardless if you are
measuring length, mass, or
volume.
It works for all types of measurement.

If your measuring . . .

Length
Mass then
then itit is
is the
the meter (kilometer,
gram (centigram,
Volume thenetc.)
decameter,
milligram, it is the liter
etc.)
(deciliter, hectoliter, etc.)

centigram
The first part of the term indicates the amount, the
second part indicates the type of measurement.
 How does converting units
work?
Unlike the English system converting in the SI
System is very easy.
For Example in the English system if you wanted
to know how many inches in 2 miles what
would you do?
1. Take the number of miles (2).
2. Multiply it by the number of feet in a mile (5,280).
3. Multiply that by the number of inches in a foot (12).

ANSWER: 126,720 inches in 2 miles

 The SI system is much easier.
For example in the metric system if you wanted to
know how many centimeters were in 3 meters, what
would you do?
1. Find the unit you have (meters).
2. Find the unit you are changing to
(centimeters).
3. Count the number of units in-between (2).
4. Move the decimal point that many spaces, in
the same direction you counted (right).
3 meters = 300 centimeters

Kilo Hecto Deca UNIT Deci Centi Milli

More Conversions . . .
2,321.0 millimeters to meters = 2.321 meters
521.0 grams to hectograms = 5.21 hectograms
8.5 kiloliters to centiliters = 850,000 centiliters

NOTE: The digits aren’t changing, the

position of the decimal is. In the
English system the whole number
changes.

Kilo Hecto Deca UNIT Deci Centi Milli

 Metric System

Based on the decimal system, the metric system is the common system used for scientific measurements.

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Things to Remember
 All measurements need a
number and a unit!
 Basic units of Measurement
(meter, liter, gram)
 How to convert metric
units
Nature of Science

The
International
System of Units
 Basic Types of Measurement
Length: measures distance between objects
Volume: measures the amount of space
something takes up
Mass: measures the amount of matter
in an object
In SI the basic units are:

 Length is the meter

 Mass is the gram
 Volume is the liter (liquid)
 Temperature is Celsius
Metric Measurement: Length
Length is the distance between two points.
 Does not matter if it is width, height, depth, etc.
All are length measurements.
 The basic unit of length in the SI System is the
meter.
 The meter is about the length of the English yard
(3 feet).
 Area is a variation of a length measurement.

 Area is length x width.

 Expressed in units2 (m2, cm2, mm2 etc.)
Metric Measurement: Mass
Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in
an object.
 Basic unit of mass is the gram. There are
454 grams in one pound.
 Weight and mass are related, but NOT the
same.
 Weight is the pull of gravity on an object
 The greater the mass, the larger the pull of
gravity.
Metric Measurement: Volume
Volume is a measurement of the amount of space
something takes up.
 The basic unit used for volume is the liter. This
unit is used for the volumes of liquids.
 Volumes of solids are figured using this formula:

(L)ength x (W)idth x (H)eight

cm x cm x cm = cm3
 Objects without a definite length, width or
height (a rock for example), can use water
displacement to determine volume.
NOTE: 1 ml = 1 cm3
Metric Measurement: Temperature
Temperature is a measure of the kinetic
energy of the atoms in an object.
 Temperature is measured with a thermometer
and measured in Celsius or Kelvin.
 Celsius ranges from 0 (freezing) to 100 (boiling).

 The Kelvin scale begins at absolute zero, or 0 K.

At 0 Kelvin no more heat can be removed from
an object.
 To convert to Kelvin you add 273 degrees to
the Celsius reading.
 Freezing in Kelvin is 273 K, boiling is 373 K.
Nature of Science

The
International
System of Units
 Density is how much matter is in something (mass), compared to the
amount of space it takes up (volume).
Which isboth
They are heavier . . . so they weight
one kilogram
the same,
A kilogram ofbut it takes
feathers ormore feathers
a kilogram than
of lead?
lead to equal one kilogram!
The formula for density is:
Mass (grams) divided by Volume (cm3)
So the unit for density is g / cm3
 Every substance has a density, and that density
always remains the same.
Which one takes up more space (volume)?
We Density
say thecan beis
lead used to figure
more dense out whatthe
than an
unknown substance is.
feathers.
 The density of water is 1 g / cm3
Measurement Review
• Measurements need a number and
a unit!
• Basic units of Measurement (meter,
liter, gram)
• How to convert metric units
• Be able to make basic
measurements of volume, length,
and mass
• Definition of density and how to
figure it out.
• Vocabulary words
 Convert 55.00 km/h to m/s
55.00 km x 1000 m x 1 h___ =
h 1 km 3600 s

15.28m/s
 Derived Unit Conversions
• 54.3 cm3 = ______ m3

• 7.54 ft2 = _______ in2

 Derived Unit Conversions
• 125.3 m/s = ______ mi/hr

• 625 g/mL = ______ kg/m3

• 100 km/hr = ______ mi/hr

 Density: Amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.
• SI Units: kg/m3

• Common Units: g/cm3 or g/mL

Problem: Drunken Donny steals an unknown alcohol from the chemistry lab at work. He does not
know that there are numerous different types of alcohols. Methyl alcohol has a density of 0.792 g/mL
and is poisonous if consumed. Ethyl alcohol has a density of 0.772 g/mL and is the common alcohol
which Drunken Donny loves to drink. If the stolen unknown alcohol has a measured mass of 71.28 g
and a measured volume of 90.0 mL, which alcohol did Drunken Donny steal to drink?

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 Chapter 2 Questions

1) A chemist needs 15.0 grams of ethanol for a reaction. If the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL, how many
milliliters of alcohol should be used? Show your final answer with units and correct sig figs.

2) Your inseam is 35.0 in. How many cm is this? Show your final answer with units and correct sig figs.

3) A Condor’s average wing span is 3.05 meters. Convert this to feet. Show your final answer with units and
correct sig figs.

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