FIRST AID

Batch 38
 DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment

given to a casualty for any injury or sudden
illness before the arrival of an ambulance,
doctor, or other qualified personnel.
AIMS OF FIRST AID
 Preserve life
 Prevent the casualty’s condition from becoming worse
 Promote recovery
RESPONSIBILITIES AS A FIRST
AIDER
 Assess the situation quickly and safely and summon
appropriate help
 Protect casualties and others at the scene from possible
danger
 To identify, as far as possible, the nature of illness or injury
affecting casualty.
 To give each casualty early and appropriate treatment,
treating the most serious condition first.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIRST
AIDER
 To arrange for the casualty’s removal to hospital or into the
care of a doctor.
 To remain with a casualty until appropriate care is available.
 To report your observations to those taking care of the
casualty, and to give further assistance if required.
PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES
 Save the conscious casualties before the unconscious ones as they
have a higher chance of recovery.
 Save the young before the old.
 Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering First Aid. In the
event of immediate danger, get out of site immediately.
 Remember: One of your aims is to preserve life, and not endanger
your own in the process of rendering First Aid.
 Casualties should always be treated in the order of priority,
usually given by the “3 Bs”:
 Breathing
 Bleeding
 Bones
FIRST AID KIT/BOX

First aid Kit; Is a set of materials and tools used for giving
emergency treatment to a sick or injured person

First aid kit might be used at home, workplaces, at sports

settings and on transportation facilities

First aid kit like any other tools needs proper management to
ensure high efficiency on use
MANAGEMENT OF FIRST AID KIT
Management of First Aid Kit includes but not limited to;
1. Kit allocation (The Kit should be accessible
available/Placed on critical areas and labelled for
identification)

2. Contents (basic contents of Fist aid Kit includes Wound

washing/Dressing facilities, Pain Killers)

3. Material Validity (check for date validity of items, only

authorised items should be placed on a kit-authorisation
varies with countries)
TRANSPORTATION OF CASUALTY
With stretcher:
 Keep the stretcher level to the ground
 Carry the casualty with his feet facing the direction of move
 Bring the stretcher to the casualty and not the casualty to the
stretcher

Types of stretcher:
 Wooden stretcher
 Collapsible stretcher with telescopic handle
 Improvised stretcher
IMPROVISED STRETCHERS
 Rolled blanket
 Blanket with 2 poles
 Chair method
 Shirts/Gunnysacks with 2 poles

An improvised stretcher made

from a blanket and two poles
EMERGENCY METHODS OF
MOVING CASUALTIES
One Man Human Crutch
 Conscious
 Able to walk with some assistance

Pick-a-back
 Conscious
 Light weight
 Able to hold on using arms

Cradle method
 Light weight
 A child
EMERGENCY METHODS OF
MOVING CASUALTIES
Fore Method
 When pick-a-back or fireman’s life method cannot be used to carry a heavy
casualty down the staircase

Fireman’s Lift
 Conscious
 Unconscious
 Light-weight

Double Human Crutch

 Conscious
 Able to walk with some assistance
 EMERGENCY METHODS OF
MOVING CASUALTIES
Two-handed Seat
 Unable to walk with assistance
 Able to use his arms to support

Three-handed Seat
 Unable to walk with assistance
 Usually with injury on one leg
 Able to use his arms to support
 EMERGENCY METHODS OF MOVING
CASUALTIES

Four-handed Seat
Unable to walk with assistance
Able to use his arms to support
EMERGENCY METHODS OF
MOVING CASUALTIES
Fore and Aft Method
 Unconscious
 Sustained abdominal injury
COMMON FIRST AID TECHNIQUES
Choking
Fractures and Dislocation
CPR
 FRACTURES
A fracture is a break or crack in the
continuity of the bone.
SYMPTOMS:
 Pain at or near fractured site
 Tenderness on gentle pressure
 Swelling over the fracture site
 Deformity e.g. irregularity of bone, angulation or rotation
of limb, depression of bone etc.
 Loss of power
 Signs and symptoms of shock
 DISLOCATIONS
A dislocation is the displacement of one or more
bones at a joint. It usually occurs in the shoulders,
elbow, thumb, fingers and the lower jaw.
SYMPTOMS:
 Pain at the site of injury
 Limited movement at joint
 Deformity
 Swelling
 Tenderness
FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS
TREATMENT:
 Support and immobilize the injured limb
 Use a splint (if possible) in order to prevent movement of the
injured part
 Arrange for casualty to be removed to hospital
 In doubtful cases, always treat as for a fracture
 Do not attempt to replace the bones
CPR Introduction
The first important steps in giving
CPR are….
The three C’s!!
Is the scene safe?
 Check for anything unsafe, such as spilled chemicals, traffic,
fire, and other hazardous items.
 Are you putting yourself in danger by helping this person?
Make sure you are also taking care of yourself!
 Is there anyone around who can also help? Ask others around
the scene for as much help as they can offer!
Calling for help is often the most important action you can take
to help an ill or injured person.
 Call 911 or the local emergency number (If there are other
people at the scene, ask someone else to call for you to help!)
 Make sure you give the 911 operator the correct
information about your location, the emergency, and any
other information you are able to give about the emergency!
Once you have followed the first two C’s, you may need to give
care until EMS personnel arrive. Follow these guidelines:
 Do not further harm.
 Monitor the person’s breathing and consciousness.
 Help the person rest in the most comfortable position.
 Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated.
 Reassure the person.
 Give any specific care needed.
 Types of CPR on age basis
There are three different ways to conduct CPR Basing on the
age including
1. Adult CPR
2. Child CPR and
3. Infant CPR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cosVBV96E2g
Here are some Key point you NEED to remember!
 Check the person for consciousness
 Call for help!
 Open the airway and look, listen, and feel for signs of life
 Give 30 chest compressions with both hands then open the
airway and give 2 rescue breaths.
 Continue the 30 to 2 ratio until EMT arrives.
Here are some key points to Child CPR
 The same first 3 steps apply for children as adults when
giving CPR. (check for consciousness, call for help, open
airway check for signs of life)
 After opening the airway, give 5 rescue breaths
 Check for signs of life
 If there are no signs of life, follow with 30 chest
compressions with only one hand.
 Continue 30 to 2 ratio until EMT arrives.
Important things you need to know about Infant CPR!
 Checking for conciousness on a baby is different from an
adult or child, you must tap their foot.
 Check for consciousness, call for help, open airway check for
signs of life.
 Give 5 rescue breaths then listen for signs of life. Follow
with 30 chest compressions with only 2 fingers and not as
much force.
 Continue 30 to 2 ratio until EMT arrives.
Now we will learn how to treat an adult, child, and infant who
are choking and not able to cough, speak, or breathe.
Step 1
Check scene, then check person.
Step 2
Have someone call 9111
Step 3
Obtain Consent to care for the person.
Step 4
Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows with the heel of
your hand.
Step 5
Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts.
Step 6
Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until-
 object is forced out
 person can breathe or cough forcefully
 person becomes unconscious
WHAT TO DO NEXT:
If person becomes unconscious- CALL 911
Follow the same 1-6 steps of a choking adult for a choking
child, and infant. REMEMBER TO CALL 911!!