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1 23 May 2019

Interesting's of
learning
thermodynamics Group Members
in daily life HabibUlLah
Muhammad Hamza
Uzair Arslan
Syed Shabeeh Haider
Umair Nasir
Habib Ullah

UW-17-CHE-BSC-028
4 23 May 2019

Introduction
 Thermodynamics is a basic science that deals with
heat and work and those properties of substances
that bear a relation to heat & work.

 Engineers use thermodynamics principles with other


engineering sciences, such as fluid mechanics & heat
and mass transfer to analyze and design things to
meet human needs

http://www.cew.wisc.edu/teachnet/ctl/
5 23 May 2019

Examples
 heating and air-conditioning systems
 the refrigerator
 the pressure cooker
 the water heater

Other things displaying thermodynamics’ role are


automotive engines and power plants (gas and steam).

http://www.cew.wisc.edu/teachnet/ctl/
6 23 May 2019

Laws of Thermodynamics

Study of thermodynamics involves

 The zeroth law of thermodynamics


 First law of thermodynamics
 Second law of thermodynamics
 Third law of thermodynamics

http://www.cew.wisc.edu/teachnet/ctl/
7 23 May 2019

Zeroth law thermodynamics

 We can apply the zeroth law of thermodynamics to


compare the temperatures of multiple objects

 which states that if two systems are in thermal


equilibrium with a third system, then they are in
thermal equilibrium with one another.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
8 23 May 2019

For Example
 If you and the swimming pool you’re in are at the
same temperature, no heat is flowing from you to it or
from it to you (although the possibility is there).
You’re in thermal equilibrium.

 On the other hand, if you jump into the pool in


winter, cracking through the ice covering, you won’t
be in thermal equilibrium with the water

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
9 23 May 2019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
10 23 May 2019
Muhammad
Hamza
UW-17-CHE-BSC-024
12 23 May 2019

First Law of thermodynamics

Isolated System
ΔQ = 0
ΔW = 0
Hence ΔU = 0
Therefore the internal energy of an isolated system
remains constant.

http://www.ldolphin.org/mystery/chapt7.html
13 23 May 2019

Cyclic process
 Inthis process, the change in internal energy is zero. i.e.
ΔU = 0.
ΔU = ΔQ – ΔW
0 = ΔQ – ΔW
ΔW = ΔQ

Hence, in a cyclic process, the amount of heat given to a


system is equal to the net work done by the system. This is
the principle of heat engines whose purpose is to absorb
heat and perform work in a cyclic process.

http://www.ldolphin.org/mystery/chapt7.html
14 23 May 2019

Boiling process
 When a liquid is heated it absorbs heat and its
temperature rises. After some time, a stage is reached,
when it starts boiling and changes its phase from
liquid to vapor

 Due to this change of phase the volume increases and


work are done. As the process involves work and
heat, the first law of thermodynamics can be applied.

http://www.ldolphin.org/mystery/chapt7.html
15 23 May 2019

ΔW = P ΔV = P(𝑉2 −𝑉1 )

If L is the latent heat of vaporization, the heat


absorbed, ΔQ = mL.
If ΔU is the change in internal energy during the
process, then,
ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW
ΔU = ΔQ – ΔW
ΔW = mL - P(𝑉2 −𝑉1 )

http://www.ldolphin.org/mystery/chapt7.html
16 23 May 2019

Melting process
If m is the mass and L is the specific latent heat of
fusion of the solid, then,
dQ = mL.
dW = pdV = P(𝑉2 −𝑉1 )
where P is the pressure
V1 the volume of the solid
V2 is the volume of the liquid.
Therefore, mL = dU + P(𝑉2 −𝑉1 )
= dU (since dV = (𝑉2 −𝑉1 ) is negligible
Syed Shabeeh
Haider

UW-17-CHE-BSC-014
18 23 May 2019

Second law of thermodynamics


 Accordingto the law
Heat always flows from a body at a higher
temperature to a body at the lower temperature.

This law is applicable to all types of heat engine cycles


including Otto, Diesel, etc.

http://entropysite.oxy.edu/wiki_secondlaw.html
19 23 May 2019

Applications of 2nd law


Application of this law is
 refrigerators
 heat pumps

Removing heat from the food items in the refrigerator


and throwing it away to the higher temperature
atmosphere doesn’t happen automatically.

Air conditioner and heat pump follow the similar law of


thermodynamics
20 23 May 2019

Other Applications of Thermodynamics

 Sweating in a crowded room


 Melting of ice cube

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/thermodynamics/application
s-of-thermodynamics/
21 23 May 2019

Third Law Of Thermodynamics


The most significant use of the third law of
thermodynamics is that it helps in calculating the absolute
entropy of a substance at room temperature (or any
temperature T).
𝑻
ΔS = S – S0 = ‫𝑪 𝟎׬‬pTdT
According to third law S0= 0 at 0 K
𝑻
S= ‫𝑪 𝟎׬‬ pT dT
𝑻 𝑻
S = ‫ 𝒑𝑪 𝟎׬‬dT = ‫𝒑 𝑪 𝟎׬‬d lnT
S= Cp ln T
S= 2.303 Cp log T
Umair Nasir
UW-17-CHE-BSC-008
23 23 May 2019

Understanding the importance of specific volume


through the anomaly of water
 Specific volume is defined as the volume over the
mass of substance chosen as the system

 specific volume is an intensive property. It means the


specific volume that is the inverse of density is the
same all over the substance in a certain temperature
and pressure

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/thermodynamics/application
s-of-thermodynamics/
24 23 May 2019

Contd…..
 Water is a special substance that its liquid-specific
volume is decreasing when it is cooled until 4oºC.
 If the cooling is carried on, then the specific volume
will increase. Thus, water has its lowest specific.
volume (greatest density) at 4oC.
 This anomaly is designed to save the living creatures
under the lake.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/thermodynamics/application
s-of-thermodynamics/
25 23 May 2019

Figure : Specific volume of water

Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc


26 23 May 2019

Figure : Density of water

Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc


27 23 May 2019

Applying the saturation temperature


and pressure in a pressure cooker

 It is very common to hear people say “water start to


boil at 100oC”. . The correct statement is “water start
to boil at 100oC at 1-atm pressure
 At a given pressure, the temperature at which a pure
substance starts boiling is called the saturation
temperature
 At a given temperature, the pressure at which a pure
substance starts boiling is called the saturation
pressure
28 23 May 2019

Contd….
 At a pressure of 101.35 kPa, saturation temperature
of water is 100oC. The plot of saturation pressure as
a function saturation temperature

Figure : Saturation pressure as a function saturation temperature of water


Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Uzair Arslan
UW-17-CHE-BSC-026
30 23 May 2019

Applying the first law of Thermodynamics to


determine an Air Conditioning cooling capacity

 Ask the students to measure velocity, dry-bulb and


wet-bulb temperature of the air flow at supply outlet
and the dimension of the outlet to get the air flow’s
cross section area.
 Ask students to measure dry-bulb and wet-bulb
temperature of the air flow at return grille.
31 23 May 2019

Contd….
 Then, the students could calculate the air mass flow
rate and heat rate or cooling capacity of the AC using
the 1st law of Thermodynamics. This simple
experiment gives the students can enjoy activity and
it improves their motivation to study.
 The students could find specific volume, enthalpy of
air flow at supply outlet and return grille from
psychometric chart of software such as EES.

http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Physics-Vol-
2/Thermodynamics-Real-lifeapplications.html#b
32 23 May 2019

Understand the importance of specific heat in


the wind over the sea shore

 Our daily experience tells that the amount of heat


required to increase the temperature of a certain
matter is proportional to its mass, to its temperature
change and to a quantity which is called specific heat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_thermodynamics
33 23 May 2019

Contd….
 Thesand has specific heat that much lower than
water, i.e. 800 J/kg.Co.

 Since the specific heat of sand is smaller than water,


the sand’s temperature increases more than water’s in
the noon as they receive the same amount of radiation
heat transfer from the sun

 As the sand’s temperature increases, the air over the


seashore gets hotter and its density decreases. This
light air goes up.
34 23 May 2019

Conclusion
 From the research that have been done it is found that
thermodynamic is applied almost to every aspect such
as in medical research, automotive industries, home
appliance and even around us which is the
atmosphere

 Inconclusion thermodynamic is very important in


human daily life to keep human more technological
superior in near future.
35 23 May 2019

Reference
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_thermodynamics
 Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc
 https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/thermodynamics/applications-of-
thermodynamics/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
36 23 May 2019
The End

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