HDPE AND LDPE

Material Engineering Science

Dionisius Andhika Putra NIM. 21030115130114

Faris Rahmansyah Nurcahyo NIM. 21030117190167
I Made Vidya Prawira Satrio NIM. 21030117190076
Jedy Prameswari NIM. 21030115140190
 HDPE
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD)
is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. It is sometimes
called alkathene or polythene when used for pipes. With a high
strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production of plastic
bottles, corrosion-resistant piping, geomembranes, and plastic lumber.
 LDPE
Polymers with an irregular structure, many branches, so the density is
low, ie 0.926 - 0.94 g / cm3. Types of LDPE chains can be either long
branch chains or short branch chains. Melting point is 98-115oC. Its use
as a transparent film coating in packaging and injection molding for
household items, children's toys, wire and cable insulation, coil
coatings.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Is a type of thermoplastic polymer

• Have a boiling point around 108-132oC
• Have good resistance to chemicals
• Cannot dissolve at room temperature because it has high crystallinity
• Can dissolve in aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, or
chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethane and trichlorobenzen
 POLYMERIZATION
The process of forming polymer from the monomer is called
polymerization. The polymerization process is divided into 4 group,
namely:
• Addition Polymerization
a) Free Radical Polymerization
b) Cationic Polymerization
c) Anionic Polymerization
d) Complex coordination polymerization
• Condensation Polymerization
Condensation polymerization is a stepwise or stepwise polymerization.
In polymeriation of condensation the backbone of a polymer usually
consists of more than one type of atom, while the constituent units of a
polymer can consist of more than one type of polymeric constituent
unit and in the reaction process it is often followed by a side reaction.
• Polymerization with Ring Opening
Cyclic compounds can polymerize with the mechanism of ring opening
reaction. These cyclic compounds are cyclic amide, ester, ether, and so
on. This polymerization requires H2O catalyst.
• Radiation Polymerization
Radiation polymerization occurs based on the mechanism of a chain
reaction between radiation products to monomers, which are generally
unsaturated hydrocarbons. The process of radation initiation is a
secondary process of radiation chemistry that produces free radicals
that will initiate this polymerization process. The radiation
polymerization process does not require a catalyst for initiation of
polymerization so that a polymer that is pure or free of catalyst can be
obtained. Although it does not use a catalyst, to increase the sensitivity
of a monomer to the effect of radation can be added a sensitizing agent
called telogen into the irradiated monomer.
 POLYETHYLENE

The process is operated under very high pressure (1000-3000 atm) at

moderate temperatures (420-570 K) as may be predicted from the
reaction equation:

This is a radical polymerization process and an initiator, such as a small

amount of oxygen, and/or an organic peroxide is used.
 HDPE
• Slurry process
The Ziegler-natta catalyst, as granules, is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon (for example, 2-
methylpropane (isobutane) or hexane), which simply acts as a diluent. A mixture of hydrogen
and ethene is passed under pressure into the slurry and ethene is polymerized to HDPE.
• Solution process
The second method involves passing ethene and hydrogen under pressure into a solution of
the Ziegler-natta catalyst in a hydrocarbon (a C10 or C12 alkane). The polymer is obtained in a
similar way to the slurry method.
• Gas phase process
Ethene polymerizes to form grains of HDPE, suspended in the flowing gas, which pass out of
the reactor when the valve is released.
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