APSSDC LTD

VIZIANAGARAM

INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME
PRSENTATION
 INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME

SEED PROCESSING UNIT

UNDER GUIDENCE OF :-

Dr.S.Hima Madam
(Asst.prof of seed technology)

Dr.k.Naga sai babu

(District manager APPSSDC)
SEED PROCESSING UNIT

Presented by
S.Sandhya : 150804130202
G.Harika : 150804130219
Y.Sunaina : 150804130233
M. Sai sudha : 150804130292
V. Pratyusha :150804130300
K.Madhuri :150804130302
P. Manisha : 150804130314
S. Jaya vardhini : 150804130317
V. Sravani : 150804130320
 CONTENT
• INRTODUCTION OF ORGANISATION
• OBJECTIVE
• MAIN OBJECTIVES OF CORPORATION
• ACHIEVEMENTS
• DISTRIBUTION
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMANT
• ACTIVITIES OF ORGANISATION
• SOURCE OF SEED
• SEED DISTRIBUTION
• FIELD INSPECTION
• GERMINATION TEST
• PROCESS FLOW OPERATIONS
• ESSENTIAL STEPS IN SEED PROCESSING
• SEED PROCESSING
• CERTIFIED SEED DISTRIBUTION
• VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION OF RICE
• STAGES OF SEED PRODUCTION
• ISOLATION DISTANCE
 CONTENT
• CULTURAL PRACTICES
• NURSERY PREPARATION
• MANURINGSEED RATE
• METHODS OF SOWING
• UPROOTING OF SEEDLINGS
• TRANSPLATING
• FERTILIZATION
• SPACING
• WEED CONTROL
• PANICLE INITIATION STAGE
• ROUGING
• HARVESTING AND TRESHING
• CONCLUSION
• CHALLENGING TASK
• AGRUCTURE RESEARCH STATION ON MILLETS
• VISIT TO SOIL TESTING LABOURATORY
 INTRODUCTION OF THE
ORGANISATION
• The Andhra Pradesh State seeds Development
Corporation Limited, popularly called as “AP
SEEDS”. Was established in the year march
1976 as a result of the government of Andhra
Pradesh accepting the national seeds
programme formulated by the government of
India.
 OBJECTIVE:
The Main objective of the corporation is to
sub serve the interest of the state
development of agriculture in accelerating
the spread of hybrids/high yielding
varieties of different crops for promoting
increased agricultural production.
The corporation produces certified quality of
seeds of cereals , pulses ,oil seeds,
vegetables green manures .The corporation
supplies seed primarily to the farmers of
Andhra Pradesh besides other states
through state seeds corporations and
national seeds corporation .
•Main objectives of the corporation
•Breeder seed production in oil seeds
(GROUND NUT) Bajra and sorghum.
• Assistance in breeder seed production.
• Foundation seed production.
• Certified seed production.
Quality seed production of pre released and
non notified varieties.
• Seed processing ,packing and storage.
• Seed marketing and distribution.
• Seed supplies to problematic areas.
• Maintenance of seed bank of F/S and C/S.
• Collaboration in seed technology research.
• Co ordination in seed import.
• Consultancy and trading.
• Extension.
 ACHIEVEMENTS
 PRODUCTION :
• The corporation increased it seed production
substantially from its initial production of
31,833 qntls during the year 1976 -77 to
6,63,572qntls during the year 2015-16
indicating an increase of several fold in
respect of seed production .The corporation
earned a profit before tax Rs.168.75 lakh
during the year.
• The Indian council of agricultural research
(ICAR),New Delhi recognized the corporation
as one of the institute for production of
breeder seed in oil seed crops jowar and bajra.
• It became the highest production organization
of foundation and certified ground nut seed in
the country.
• Consequently the area and production of
groundnut in Andhra Pradesh has increased
substantially.
• It produce large quantities of foundation and
certified seeds of a number of varieties of
paddy, pulses, oilseeds, fiber crops,
Vegetables, and green manure.
• It is recognized by ICRISAT for its outstanding
partnership between ANGRAU,SFCI,NSC, and
ICRISAT grain legume Research programme.
• It awarded with ICRISAT science Award for
2011 for its outstanding contribution in
enhancing the adoption of improved chickpea
cultivators in Andhra Pradesh.
QUALITY CONTROL:
• The central quality control laboratory was
established in 1983 at Hyderabad to have
internal check overall quality.
• Quality control staff inspects the seed plots
and lots at random at all the units with
regrading to maintenance of quality.
• All the seed samples were analyzed in lab for
physical purity, germination ,etc. and conduct
internal growth out tests in own farms to
assess the genetic purity of seeds.
 DISTRIBUTION:
• The corporation supplies seed to farmers
through its own outlets,
• primary agricultural cooperative societies,
• DCMS
• Mana Gromor centers,
• Dealers Etc..,,
 RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT
• The corporation is contributing funds and
collaboration towards seed research with the
Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University to
sort out problems related to production of
different crops in different parts of the state.
 ACTIVITIES OF ORGANISATION
Procurement of breeder’s seed from agricultural
universities or research stations.

seed distribution to growers

sowing
transplanting
 Field inspections(2 inspections)

At initiation of flowering before harvesting

Harvesting

Advance payment

Testing of samples
 Acceptation / rejection

If accepted then those if not accepted then

Seeds are send for growers have to paid
Processing back the advance
payment and take
back their product.

Then final payment will be paid.

Then , certified seed is produced.

directly distributed distributed to sales

to farmers counter to other districts.

distribute to farmers
through A.O’s

A.O’s will return the

money to APSSDC. LTD
 SOURCE OF SEED:
• APSSDC will procure the seed from state
agriculture universities and research stations
for different varieties of cereals, millets, oil
seeds, pulses,vegtables and green manure
crops is called breeder seed having golden
yellow tag which is given to experienced
growers for the production to produce
foundation seed having white tag.
 Breeder seed tag
genetic purity: 100%
Foundation seed tag
genetic purity: 99.5%
 Seed distribution
• APSSDC distributes breeder seed to
experienced growers only and foundation
seed to all interested growers with an receipt
of cash memo which include seed price and
certification charges like inspection charges,
registration charges, form-1,cloth bags,
transport charges .
Cash memo
• After receiving, growers will prepare the
nursery beds according to their suitability(wet
bed, dry bed, dapog method) and transplant
the seedlings in main field .
• FIELD INSPECTION:
• Seed certification is a legally sectioned system for
the quality control of seed during seed
multiplication and production.
• Certified seed has to maintain both field and seed
standards and if the seed lot meets both field and
seed standards then only certification tag or label
is issued.
• Here, APSSDC organization offers certification
agency for field inspection in order to inspect
their fields in the form of FORM-1 and intern
certification officer will issues the MR-NO to the
farmers.
 INSPECTION
• During field inspection, the contaminants to
be observed are offtypes, pollen shedders,
shedding tassels ,inseperable other crop
plants, objectionable weed plants , diseased
plants.
• In rice, generally 3to 4 inspections are there.
but majorly 2 inspections are conducted i.e..,
1st inspection during flowering and 2nd
inspection is at before harvesting.
• At 1st inspection , offtypes and pre-flowered
plants are roughed out and warned the growers if
field is not standard .
• At 2nd inspection, if field is still not standard then
field inspectors reject the field.
HOW TO DO FIELD INSPECTION ?
1.Determination of field counts: For all crops a min.
of 5 counts are to be taken for an area up to 2 ha
and an additional count is to be taken for each
adding of 2 ha.
2.No.of plants to be observed for completing one
count: The no of plants to be observed for
completing a single count varies from crop to crop.
• The no of plants/heads to be observed for
completing a single count is
crop No of plants/heads
per count

Wide spaced crops: 100 plants

Bhendi,brinjal,cotton,maize,potat
o,red gram,tomato etc.
2.Medium spaced crops: 500 plants
Beans ,
cowpea,moong,urd,mustard,pea
s,sesamum etc.
Thickly grown crops: 1000 plants
jute,mesta,paddy,wheat, 1000 heads
sorghum.
• The maximum permissible level for ODV’s in
paddy field :
• For foundation seed: 0.1%
• For certified seed: 0.2%
Removing ODVs(other distinguishable varieties) from
the field.
• In field inspection
DURING SIGNATURE ON FIR(FIELD INSPECTION
REPORT) BOOKS BY FARMERS
DISEASE IDENTIFICATION DURING FIELD
INSPECTION
• Growers harvest the crop after attaining
maturity and they will bring the unprocessed
seed to the organization.
• NOTE: The unprocessed seed should contain
moisture up to 13%. If not present the seed lot
will send back and suggest them to dry up to
13%.
• The organization will pay advance payment to
the growers(85% of the total quantity).The
organization staff will enter the advance
payment details in SPR(seed processing report)
Book.
• After that they will send seed samples which
are collected randomly from seed lots to
seed testing laboratory for germination
capacity, viability , moisture content. If seed
samples are satisfied to the quality standards
then seed lots are accepted other wise
rejected. The rejected seed lot has to taken
back by the farmers after paid back the
advance payment.
GERMINATION TEST
 Process Flow Operations:
E1 E2 E3 E1, E2, E3, ARE ELEVATORS

PRE- CLEANER SPECIFIC

CLEANER CUM GRAVITY
SEPARATOR SEPARATOR

RAW
SEED

WEIGHING,BAGGING
AND PACKING

LAYOUT OF SEED PROCESSING MACHINES

 Essential steps in seed processing

Receiving pre-cleaning Cleaning Separating and

upgrading

Bulk storage Treating and bagging

Storage

Basic flow and essential steps in seed processing

SEED PROCESSING IN SALUR
SEED PROCESSING IN VIZIANAGARAM
• After processing, the total of quantity of
unprocessed seed and processed seed, processing
loss, inert mater, rejection are entered in SPR book
( seed processing report).
• From these, excluding the advance payment and
paid the final payment to the growers account in
the form of IDP ( INVESTMENT DELIVERY
PAYMENT)
 CALCULATION OF COST BENEFIT RATIO
TOTAL EXPENDITURE
• Raw materials = 1,90,800
• Electricity charges : 8,000
• Salaries and wages : 11,000
• Maintenance : 2,000
TOTAL 2,11,800/-

• GROSS INCOME
• Cost of processed rice : 3,36,000
• Cost of bran : 97,200
• Cost of husk : 2,520
• Cost of broken kernels : 10,080

TOTAL 4,45,800
CALCULATION OF BENEFIT COST RATIO

NET INCOME : 2,34,000

• BENEFIT COST RATIO : net income/total
expenditure

=2,34,000/2,11,800

B:C RATIO = 1.104

• SPR BOOK( SEED PROCESSING REPORT)
• IDP BOOK(INVESTMENT DELIVERY PAYMENT)
 CERTIFIED SEED DISTRIBUTION
• The certified seeds are distributed to sale
counters, PACs, societies, to farmers with
subsidy rate given by the government.
• From sale counters; if farmers want to buy the
seeds for subsidy rate then A.O has to given
permission .
• Then the respective district sale counters has
to send money to the APSSDC LTD
• The AO’S ,ADA’S( assistant district agriculture
officer) and JDA( joint district agriculture )
officer signs in utilization certificate in order to
release subsidy amount to APSSDC LTD.
• Then JDA will send letter to commisionate so
that the subsidy amount will be send to
APSSDC LTD head office.
• If certified seed is not saled ,then auction will
be conducted.
SEED PRODUCTION OF RICE
VARIETAL SEED PRODUCTION

BOTANICAL NAME: Oryza sativa

FAMILY: Poaceae
INFLORESCENCE : Panicle
POLLINATION: Self pollination
 STAGES OF SEED PRODUCTION
• In paddy depending on the demand 3,4 or 5
stages of seed multiplications are permitted
under seed certification programme as follows.
• Breeder seed – foundation seed – certified seed.
• Breeder seed – foundation seed stage 1 –
foundation seed stage 2 – certified seed.
• Breeder seed – foundation seed stage 1 –
foundation seed stage2 – certified seed 1 –
certified seed 2.
LAND REQUIREMENT :

• Land to be used for seed production shall be

free from volunteer plants.
• The selected plots should be leveled.
• Clay loam soil is preferable.
ISOLATION DISTANCE:

• Paddy is mainly a self pollinated crop though

some cross pollinations does occur. The extent
of natural cross pollination varies from
0 - 6.8% for true seed production. The seed
fields must be isolated at least by 3m from
other fields.
CULTURAL PRACTICES:
• The paddy can be grown by direct sowing or by
transplanting method.
NURSERY PREPARATION:
1. SELECTION OF LAND FOR NURSERY- Select land on which
paddy crop or paddy nursery was not grown in the previous
season . This is necessary to avoid varietal admixtures due to
volunteer plants in the nursery it self.
2. TIME OF SOWING- Sowing of late maturing varieties in the
nursery should be done from 25may to 10th June and that of
early duration varieties from 10th to 25th June.
3. PREPERATION OF NURSERY BED- The soil should well
pulverized by repeated ploughing than flood the nursery
plot, puddle and leave it for 2 days to set within a thin layer
of water.
4. NUMBER OF SEED BEDS- About 50-60 beds of size 6.08 x
1.5m are sufficient for sowing seedling to transplant 1hec.
LAND PREPARATION
MANURING
• Apply 450gms super phosphate per bed at the
time of final preparation of beds and mix
thoroughly with the soil in areas with khaira
disease is prevalent.
• Spray zinc sulphate + lime solution @5kg
znso4+2.5kg lime dissolved in 1000lts of
water/ha of nursery area at 10DAS.
• Second spray at 20th day.
SOURCE OF SEED

• Obtain nucleus seed or breeder or foundation

seed from a source approved by certification
agency.
SEED RATE
• 500-600gms/bed.
• Coarse varieties – 30 to 35kg/ha.
METHOD OF SOWING
• The method of sowing is broad casting.
BROADCASTING AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE
NURSERY BEDS
AFTER CARE
• After care of nursery there is four ways to prevent
bird damage is necessary. Keep the beds wet with
water all through.
UPROOTING OF SEEDLING
• Seedling are ready for transplanting after three to
four weeks of sowing depending upon the variety
uproot the seedling gently.
TRANSPLANTING
• Land is ploughed repeatedly (2-3 times) to obtain a
tilth and a soft soil with impervious subsoil so that
transplanted seedlings establish quickly. A ploughed
field should be kept flooded for a week or 10 days
before transplanting.
UPROOTING AND TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLINGS
AFTER TRANSPLANTING
FERTILIZATION
• 100-120 kg N , 50-60kg P & potash/ha.
• 1- before final puddling.
• ½- at mid tillering.
• ½- panicle initiation.
SPACING
• shy tillering varieties 10x10cm.
• Long duration varieties 20x15cm, 15x15cm.
WEED CONTROL
• Weed out the plots twice or thrice needed before
heading.
FERTILIZER APPLICATION
MIXING OF FERTILIZER
PASSING OF ROPE TO FORM ALLEYWAYS
PANICLE INITIATION STAGE
ROUGING

• Rouging of off types should be done prior to

flowering and then at flowering and maturing.
The major rouging should be done put after
flowering.
HARVESTING AND THRESHING n

• It is important to harvest the crop when the see is

ripe moisture content 17-23%. The crop after
harvesting is left in the field for 2-3days. After
winnowing the seed must be dried to 13% MOC for
storage.
 Conclusions

• Quality seed is one of the most important input for

enhancing crop production and productivity.
• The gap between the availability and the requirement of
quality seed is quite high ,so the seed processing having
high scope ad importance.
• Hence, the efforts of central government for quality seed
production and processing by providing subsidy helps in
meeting the country’s need in the agricultural sector.
CHALLENGING
TASK
AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION ON
MILLETS
• The agriculture research station in vizianagaram
is mainly meant for the production of millets .
• Several scientists of different departments
working together for the production of millets
and develops new varieties.
• We have observed different types of millets like
major millets(jowar ,bajra, ragi), minor
millets(kodo millet,little millet,barnyard millet) .
• Different varieties of different millets from
different research stations are brought and
grown and tested (how the variety is performing
in their local conditions) here and results are
send to their respective research stations
• And this research station also conducting one
program known as agriculture extension
program planning for the welfare of the farmers.
• They helps the farmers by knowing the farmers
problems and suggests the farmers to resolve
their problems.
• The main aim has to bring awareness about
different varieties ,diseases and its
management for the improvement of yield.
• In addition to that, this research station also
involved in value addition.
• They manufactures the ragi biscuits
,chocolates and other value added products
for the children's on contract based and
supplies to government organizations like
anganawadis, and also to tribal's and poor
people to the less price.
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF MILLETS
 VISIT TO SOIL TESTING LABORATORY
• We visited soil testing lab in vizianagaram as
exclude of office work.
• In the lab we observed them testing the soil
samples 300-400 per day based on their
government contract and also some farmers
soil samples.
• They are testing
nitrogen,phosphorous,sulphur and
micronutrients like boron, zinc, manganese
etc..
•They used spectrophotometer for
phosphorous and sulphur.
And they used flame photometer for
potassium.
KJELDHAL unit for nitrogen.
DURING THE SOIL TEST IN THE
LABORATORY
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR PATIENCE