CYBER SECURITY POLICY IN

PAKISTAN
Maryam Rasheed
Minal Neel
Zainab Shafi
Tehniat Ali
Cyber Crime
● Activity in which computers or networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity

● Cyber crime also stated as any use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends

● Dr. Debarati Halder and Dr. K. Jaishankar have given a useful definition which covers few

other areas of modern day technology;

“offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal

motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm

to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as

Internet (Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones”
Cyber Crime

● It is also include traditional crimes in which computers or

networks are used to enable the illicit activity

● As the computer has become central to commerce,

entertainment, and government, cyber crime has grown in

importance
Types of Cyber Crimes
● Advance Fee Fraud
● Bank Fraud
● Cyber Defamation
● Cyber Pornogrophy
● Cyber Terrorism
● Data Diddling
● Digital Piracy
Cyber Laws
● The legal issues related to the use of communication
technology, particularly ‘cyberspace’, ie the internet
● It is an intersection of many legal fields such as; intellectual
property, privacy etc
● Cyber laws is an attempt to apply laws designed for the
physical world to human activity on the internet
Pakistan and the Cyber World
● Most of the countries around the globe are facing serious threats due to increasing trend of
cyber crimes and Pakistan is no exception
● The Pakistan internet market has grown manifolds with the majority of the internet users in
big and small cities
● And is not free from cyberspace dilemma.
● The availability of computers and the internet connections, provide “unprecedented
opportunities to communicate and learn but this power is also exploited
● People are facing problems including leakage of personal information to fraud of online
shopping every day and therefore, understanding this particular subject is very important
for Pakistan
Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
Overview:
● First IT-relevant legislation created by the national lawmakers
● First step and a solid foundation for legal sanctity and protection for Pakistan
ecommerce locally and globally
● Laid the foundation for comprehensive Legal infrastructure
● Heavily derived from foreign law related to cybercrime
Pre ETO 2002
● No recognition of electronic documentation and records
● No recognition of evidential basis of documents/records
● Failure to authenticate or identify digital or electronic signatures or forms of
authentication
● No online transaction could be legally binding
● Electronic data and forensic evidence not covered, no rules.
Post ETO 2002
● Electronic documentation and records recognized
● Electronic and digital forms of authentication and identification given legal
sanctity
● Messages through email, fax, mobile phones, and online recognized
Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
Sections:
● There are 43 sections in this ordinance
● Dealing with the following 8 main areas relating to ecommerce;

1. Recognition of electronic documents

2. Electronic communications
3. Digital signature regime and its evidential consequences
4. Website and digital signatures certification providers
5. Stamp duty
6. Attestation, notarization, certified copies
7. Jurisdiction
8. Offences
Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
Important sections:
● 36. Violation of Privacy Information
1. Gains or attempts to gain access
2. To any information, with or without internet
3. To acquire the information
4. Gain knowledge
5. 1 year imprisonment
6. Rs. 1 million fine
Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
● 37. Damage to information system, etc
1. Alter, modify, delete, remove, generate, transmit or store information
2. To impair the operation of, or prevent or hinder access to information
3. Konwigly not authorized
4. 7 years imprisonment
5. Rs. 1 million fine
Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002
● 38. Offences to be non-bailable, compoundable and cognizable
1. All offences must be as above stated
● 39. Prosecution and trial of offences
1. No court inferior to the court of sessions shall try any offence under this
ordinance