• SME

SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) ARE NON-SUBSIDIARY, INDEPENDENT FIRMS WHICH EMPLOY
FEWER THAN A GIVEN NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. THIS NUMBER VARIES ACROSS. DEPENDING ON THE COUNTRY, THE
SIZE OF THE ENTERPRISE CAN BE CATEGORIZED BASED ON THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, ANNUAL SALES, ASSETS , OR
ANY COMBINATION OF THESE. IT MAY ALSO VARY FROM INDUSTRY TO INDUSTRY. SMES ARE IMPORTANT FOR
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS, GIVEN THE SECTORS ROLE IN EMPLOYMENT. DUE TO THEIR SIZES, SME ARE
HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY THEIR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, A.K.A. CEOS. THE CEOS OF SMES OFTEN ARE THE
FOUNDERS, OWNERS, AND MANAGER OF THE SMES.

• SOCIAL MANUFACTURING
SOCIAL MANUFACTURING IS AN EMERGING TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS PRACTICE IN MASS INDIVIDUALIZATION
MODEL THAT ALLOWS PROSUMERS TO BUILD PERSONALIZED PRODUCTS AND INDIVIDUALIZED SERVICES WITH THEIR
PARTNERS THROUGH INTEGRATING INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL MANUFACTURING SERVICE PROCESSES.
ACCORDING TO REVIEW SOCIAL MANUFACTURING CAN BE DEFINED AS

• SHANG
“A NOVEL MANUFACTURING MODE, IN WHICH THE CONSUMERS ARE INVOLVED FULLY INTO THE PRODUCTION
PROCESS BY THE INTERNET, MOREOVER, THE MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT AND THE SMART-INTERACTIVE
TERMINAL CONNECTED DIRECTLY ON THE NETWORK CAN MAKE ALL THE ACTIVITES INCLUDING MANUFACTURING,
CONSUMING AND SERVICE REALIZE ONLINE”

• MOHAJERI
“TO COMBINE THE RELATED FIELDS OF SOCIAL SEARCH, SOCIAL COMPUTING AND SOCIAL MANUFACTURING
TOGETHER, TO SEAMLESSLY LINK UP THE NETWORK OF SOCIAL MANUFACTURING COMPOSED OF INTERNET,
INTERNET OF THINGS AND 3D PRINTER, THUS MAKING SOCIAL PEOPLE FULLY PARTICIPATE IN THE WHOLE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF THE PRODUCT LIFE BY OUTSOURCING, FACILITATING PERSONALIZED, REAL-TIME
AND SOCIALIZED PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, EVENTUALLY RESULTING IN A NEW INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION”
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A PROACTIVE CONSUMER THAT PARTICIPATES IN SOCIAL MANUFACTURING, NAMELY, A DUAL-ROLE AS BOTH
PRODUCER AND CONSUMER. SOCIAL MANUFACTURING ENABLES THE PROSUMERS WIDELY INFILTRATE INTO
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ACTIVITIES SUCH AS DESIGNING TO OBTAIN A MORE INDIVIDUALIZED PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES VIA SELF-ORGANIZING AND SOCIAL-ENABLE OUTSOURCING AND CROWDSOURCING MECHANISM.
IDEALLY, ALL PARTICIPATES INVOLVED IN SOCIAL MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT ARE PROSUMERS RATHER
THAN PURE CONSUMERS OR PURE PROVIDERS
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IN SOCIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS INVOLVES HUMAN INTELLIGENCES AND SOCIAL
ORGANIZATIONS (E.G., COMMUNITIES) TO ENABLE THE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND ORGANIC
CONNECTIONS AMONG PROSUMERS AND SOCIALIZED RESOURCES (E.G., MACHINE TOOLS,
DESIGN SOFTWARE, MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT, AND SENSORS) TO CO-CREATE INDIVIDUALIZED
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
• IN SOCIAL MANUFACTURING IS A COGNITIVE INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCE PROCESSES
BY WHICH PROSUMERS ACT AND REACT TO EACH OTHER, AND CHARACTERIZED BY INDIVIDUAL
REQUIREMENTS OR PREFERENCES (E.G., ONE IS SAFER, MORE EFFECTIVE, OR MORE COMFORTABLE)
AMONG PROSUMERS.

• IS THE INTERACTIVE COLLABORATION REALITY AMONG PROSUMERS RESULTED

FROM THE MATCHMAKING BETWEEN MANUFACTURING DEMANDS AND CAPABILITIES, AND IT INCLUDES
VARIOUS SERVICE (E.G., DESIGNING, MACHINING, AND PRODUCT) OUTSOURCING (I.E., INDIVIDUAL-TO
INDIVIDUAL OR INDIVIDUAL-TO-MULTIPLE SPECIFIED PROSUMERS) AND CROWDSOURCING (I.E.,
INDIVIDUAL-TO-GROUP PROSUMERS).

• IN SOCIAL MANUFACTURING IS A DYNAMIC UNITY OF INTERRELATED PROSUMERS WHO

ARE HELD TOGETHER BY THE COMMON INTEREST OR GOAL OF MAKING AN INDIVIDUALIZED PRODUCT
AND SERVICE TO MEET A CERTAIN FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OR PERFORMANCE EXPERIENCE. THE
COMMUNITY WILL EVOLVE IN THE SELF-ADAPTIVE PROGRESS OF PROSUMER RELATIONSHIPS AND FINALLY
ACHIEVE A SELF-ORGANIZED ECO-SYSTEM.
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 Intelligent Agile manufacturing Service-oriented Cloud manufacturing Social manufacturing
manufacturing manufacturing

Background and start Efficiency and Dynamic and changeable Value-added A kind of A kind of
quality enterprise alliance creation in the service-oriented service-oriented
point
enhancement construction to response whole product life mfg. via mfg. via
through artificial cycle via integrating and self-organizing
markets quickly
intelligence service-driven controlling and using
runtime socialized socialized
resources in cloud resources in
computing communities
philosophy

Organization structure Available for any a Core-enterprise-centered Service-driven Organization of Self-organization

kind of alliance and correspondent resource socialized of socialized
organizational resource reorganization to reorganization resources in cloud resources in
structure response markets quickly philosophy communities and
their
interconnections
 Resources Any forms Core-enterprise plus Resources as Socialized Socialized
assigned resources via Services resources resources in
limited competition organized as pools communities by
in cloud using role-driven
and virus-like
propagations

Business interaction Any forms Core-enterprise-centered Business Business Business

interactions inside the interactions interactions interactions among
alliance mainly in the mainly among resources inside a
name of services cloud platform and community and/or
users across
communities

industrial software Any intelligent Traditional Any Cloud-based Social-media-like

industrial software CAX/PDM/PLM/ERP/MES service-oriented service platforms and role-driven
model
model systems industrial software webAPP delivery
model and platforms to
end-users
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