Painting

• The art of applying color or other organic

or synthetic substances to various
surfaces to create a representational,
imaginative or abstract picture or design.
• The earliest known paintings were
executed on the walls of caves and rock
shelters some 30,000 years ago during
Paleolithic period. Some may be seen in
Western Europe, Southern and Saharan
Africa and Australia.
Elements of Painting
• Line – it is a man’s own invention; extension of a point.
– Vertical lines – power, stability, strength
– Horizontal lines – relaxation, calmness, at peace,
laziness
– Diagonal lines – movement
– Curve lines – graceful movements, fluidity, flexibility
• Shape – it is an area of flat surface enclosed by a line.
• Texture – it refers to the feel or tactile quality of a surface
of an object; the roughness or smoothness of an object.
• Size – it is smallness or largeness of an object.
• Color – it is a series of wave lengths which strike our
retina. Spectrum consists of different colors: red, orange,
blue, indigo and violet.
Mediums of Painting
Pigment – is the part of the paint which supplies the
color, is fine powder ground from some clay, stone, or
mineral extracted from vegetable matter.
1. Encaustic – a medium that combines dry pigments
with the heat-softened wax and in modern times. Resin
2. Tempera – earth or mineral pigments mixed with
egg yolk and egg white. Since the paint dries quickly,
corrections are difficult to make.
3. Fresco – is the application of earth pigments with
water on a plaster wall while the plaster is still damp.
Color then sinks into the surface and becomes an
integral part of the wall.
Mediums of Painting
4. Watercolor – is tempered paint made of pure ground
pigment bound with gum Arabic. It gives a delicate
luminous texture to the painting.
5. Oil – the pigment is mixed with linseed oil applied to
primed canvas. It is flexible. Oil paints are slow to dry
and the painting can be changed and worked over a long
period of time.
6. Acrylic – synthetic paint using acrylic polymer
emulsions as binder are the newest mediums and the
ones that are widely used by today’s painters. They dry
quickly like the watercolor and also flexible like the oil.
They do not tend to crack, turn yellow or darken with
age.
Art Related to Painting
• Mosaic – it is related to painting only because it
creates pictures on flat surfaces. They are wall or floor
decorations made of small cubes of irregularly cut
pieces of colored stones or glass called tesserae.
• Stained Glass – a translucent glass colored by
mixing metallic oxides into the molten glass or by
fixing them onto the surface of the clear glass. The
glass is then cut into shapes and assembled into the
desired image and held together by strips of lead.
• Tapestry – are fabrics into which colored designs
have been woven.
Paintings in Lascaux Cave
Hieroglyphics idea of
Frontalism
Sculpture
• It is a three-dimensional artwork, an art of
producing objects in relief or in the round out
of hard materials by means of chisel, carved
work, art of molding In clay or other paste
materials, figures or objects to be later cast in
bronze or other metals or plaster of Paris.
• Sculpture (Latin sculpere, “to curve”), three-
dimensional art concerned with the
organization of masses and volumes. The art
or practice of shaping figures or designs in
the round or relief
Mediums of Sculpture
• Clay – a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist
but hard when fired.
• Ice – is the name given to one of the 14 known solid
phases of water. It is a crystalline solid which can appear
transparent or opaque bluish white color.
• Marble – a metamorphic rock resulting from regional or
rarely contact metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate
rocks, either limestone or dolostone.
• Ivory – is ideal for decorative art because it is hard, close
grained, and takes carving and dyes well. its durable,
many specimen survive and provides clues into the art.
• Wood – can make many forms, from a tree to a house,
from a piece of furniture to a door, from something
functional to something sculptural.
 CLAY ICE

MARBLE

IVORY WOOD
Kinds of Sculpture
• Relief – these are the sculptures which are identifies as embossed
sculptures in which images are set against a flat background.
• Alto relievo (Italian for “high relief”) the figures are
sculptured partly or wholly in the round, that is, they project
entirely, or almost entirely, from the surface of the block in which
they are cut.
• Basso-relievo(Italian for low-relief; French, bas-relief) is a
form of surface-ornamentation in which the projection is very
slight.
• Free-Standing – this is the kind of sculpture in the round such as
statues and monuments which are either scaled or done in life size.
• Kinetic or Mobile Sculptures – these are identified as moving
sculptures which in some cases are suspended in air to move.
Processes in Sculpture
• Molding – this is the additive wherein the building
up of form is done to complete the artwork.
• Carving – this is the subtracting method wherein
the removal of the unnecessary portions of the
material used is done.
• Fabrication – this is the putting-together-process
wherein welding is an example.
• Casting – this is setting up the negative mold in
order to produce the positive mold.
 Historical Background of
Sculpture
Pre-Historic Sculpture
• the primitive people produced the so
called fertility statues. It has been
described as giving emphasis on the
female sexual attributes. It emphasizes the
women’s wide hips and opulent breasts.
Primitive men made this for fear of
extinction and it will remind them to go
on and on to produce more offspring.
Egyptian Sculpture
• the sphinx is the most popular piece in
Egypt. It is a huge sculpture which is
described as the human head with a body
of a croaching lion. The head of the Sphinx
is symbolic of the pharaoh, the mighty
reler of Egypt, and the body of the
croaching lion is symbolic of the mighty
country Egypt. Therefore it symbolizes the
mighty strengths and protective power of
Egypt.
Greek Sculpture
• the Golden Age of Athens was the complete
fulfillment of the term classic for it was the
culmination of the ideals of the time and of the
ancient world as well. It falls into four classes:
• Sculptures created without regard to their
ultimate location or method of display. Free
standing.
• Statues identified as kore otherwise known as
female standing sculpture.
• Statues identified as kouros otherwise known a
male standing sculpture.
• Sculptures designed as ornaments for specific
positions.
Roman Sculpture
• Given the Etruscan descendant of
naturalism, Roman portraiture set an early
standard of excellence that became the
model for the whole Western tradition. It
falls into two classes: portraits and
historical relief. Both reflect the highly
developed Roman taste of realism.
Baroque Sculpture
• A restless, dynamic style with its
diagonals and floating curved lines, its
striking chiaroscuro, and it’s sensuous
textural effects. Gian Lorenzo Bernini was
the Baroque artist par excellence. His
known sculpture is the “Ecstasy of St.
Therese.”
Ecstasy of St. Therese
Byzantine Sculpture
• Sculptured relief during the
Byzantine was used to adorn
magnificent palaces and churches. It
is the richest expression of Christian
dogma.
Renaissance Sculpture
• It showed some traces of classical
influence in the pulpits of the Cathedrals
of Pisa and Sienna. The great master of
this period is Michaelangelo. His
masterpiece was the “Pieta” today a
treasure of St. Peter’s in Rome.
Pieta
THE END!!!