Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Week 1
Definition of a Computer
A computer is defined in
the following ways
By the work it does
By the kind of
information it handles
By its size and price
Particulars are Moving
Targets
Technology advances at
exponential rates
Computer memory capacity
quadruples every 3 years?
Computer processor speed
doubles every 3 years?
Computer networks - number of
hosts doubles every year
Computer Networks
Network - two or more
connected computers
Purpose - sharing or exchange
of information and/or
resources
Benefits
improved efficiency
reduces need for travel…
Computers and Networks
Facilitate
Concentration of knowledge and
control
Distribution of knowledge and control
Have the power to
Amass and interrogate enormous
volumes of data
Process data at enormous rates for
real systems and simulations
Computers and Networks
Challenge:
Constitutional definitions
Social structures
Lifestyle options
What is a Society?
A voluntary association of
individuals for common ends
An enduring and cooperating social
group whose members have
developed organized patterns of
relationships through interaction
with one another
A companionship with one’s
fellows
What is a Society?
A part of a community that is a unit
distinguishable by particular aims
or standards of living or conduct
The sum of human conditions and
activity regarded as a whole
functioning interdependently
The customs and organization of
an ordered community
How have Computers
Affected Society?
Education
Transportation
Private Sector
Business
Government
Entertainment
Housing
The Parts of a Society
Currency (banking)
Jobs
Space
Medicine
Anything else?
Technological Revolutions
Agricultural Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Computational Revolution
Revolution Comparison
Workforce distribution
Productivity benefits
Breadth of impact
Early Calculating
Machines
Abacus
Slide rule
Mechanical calculator
Stepped reckoner
Textile industry - Jacquard
Loom
Difference engine
Early Calculating
Machines through those
of today
Analytical engine
The 1890 Census machine
ENIAC
The transistor
The Personal Computer
(PC)
The Internet
5 Generations of Modern
Computers
1st Generation 1945 - 1956
Made to order operating
instructions
Different binary coded programs
told it how to operate
Difficult to program and limited
versatility and speed
Vacuum tubes
Magnetic drum storage
2nd Generation 1955-
1963
Transistors
Memory - magnetic core
Assembly language
Printers and memory
Programming languages
Careers
3rd Generation 1964 -
1971
Quartz clock
Integrated circuit
Operating systems
4th Generation 1971 -
now
Mainframes
Minis
Micros
Supercomputers
Embedded
Don’t Forget the Chip
Computers are used in many
different technologies
For example: bread
machine, ATM, cars, TV,
microwave, cash register,
…..
How has this utilization
affected society?
Wirth’s Law
Incorporate benefits
Civilize change
Compensate injured
Regain balance
ATM Example
Positive
CONVENIENCE
Negative
Unemployment
Alienation and customer service
Crime
Loss of privacy
Errors
Reconsider the Problems
Technical
Managerial
Legal
Market mechanisms
Education
Issues to be Studied Due
to Computers in Society
Privacy of communications
Intellectual property
Constitutional issues
General social issues
Professional ethics