CREATIVE INDUSTRY

(MUSHROOM BASED)

(21 July 2010)

I NYOMAN P. ARYANTHA
School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB
and Centre for Life Sciences ITB
nyoman@sith.itb.ac.id
DUAL FUNCTION OF MUSHROOM

NUTRITIONAL MEDICINAL
POTENCY POTENCY

NUTRACEUTICAL
 DEFINITION
NUTRACEUTICAL
A coined word, crossing the words nutritional and
pharmaceutical and generally coming to mean any
nutritional supplement designed for any specific
clinical purpose(s). They are sold on the market as
foods for general consumption (or ''health foods'') to
be used as ''supplements'' to nutrition (diet).

(www.phoenix5.org/glossary/nutriceutical.html)
NUTRITIONAL AND MEDICINAL
VALUES OF MUSHROOM
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids
• Fatty acids
• Fibres
• Vitamins
• Minerals
 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID OF
MUSHROOM
Amino acid Ab Le Pf Po Ps Vd Vv Egg
Leucine 7,5 7,9 7,5 6,8 7,0 5,0 4,5 8,8
Isoleucine 4,5 4,9 5,2 4,2 4,4 7,8 3,4 6,6
Valin 2,5 3,7 6,9 5,1 5,3 9,7 5,4 7,3
Triptophan 2,0 tt 1,1 1,3 1,2 1,5 1,5 1,6
Lysin 9,1 3,9 9,9 4,5 5,7 6,1 7,1 6,4
Treonin 5,5 5,9 6,1 4,6 5,0 6,0 3,5 5,1
Phenilalanine 4,2 5,9 3,5 3,7 5,0 7,0 2,6 5,8
Methionin 0,9 1,9 3,0 1,5 1,8 1,2 1,1 3,1
Histidin 2,7 1,9 2,8 1,7 2,2 4,2 3,8 2,4
Total 38,9 36,0 46,0 33,4 37,6 48,5 32,9 47,1
Source : Chang and Miles, 1989
 TOTAL DIETARY FIBER (TDF) ON
SHI’ITAKE, OYSTER & CHAMPIGNON

MUSHROOM Solids (%) TDF(g/100g)

-------------------------------------------------------------
• Agaricus bisporus, 7.7 1.5

• Pleurotus ostreatus 8.0 2.4

• Lentinula edodes 8.4 3.3

ACTIVE COMPOUND

• B-Glucan
• Chitin
• Lovastatin
• Terpenoid
• Geranium
• Other secondary metabolites
CHITIN ON SHIITAKE, OYSTER &
CHAMPIGNON

Species Name CHITIN (%DW) TDF (%DW)

---------------------------------------------------------------
• Agaricus bisporus 16.0 18.2

• Lentinula edodes 19.0 36.6

• Pleurotus pulmonarius 13.8 33.1

 1 Agaricus blazei Hetero-glycan (fruiting body)
2 Agrocybe cylindracea a-Glucan (fruiting body)
3 Amanita muscaria a-Glucan (fruiting body)

CANCER SUBSTANCES
4 Auricularia auricula b-Glucan (fruiting body)
5 Crepidotus sp. Polysaccharide (medium product)
6 Cryptoporus volvatus b-Glucan (fruiting body)
7 Dictyophora indusiata b-Glucan (fruiting body)
8 Flammulina velutipes b-Glucan (fruiting body)
9 Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide (fruiting body)
Ganoderan (fruiting body,
MUSHROOM ANTI

(b-glucan) mycelium)
10 Grifora frondosa b-Glucan (fruiting body,
mycelium, medium product)
11 Grifora umbellata Glucan (sclerotium, medium product)
12 Hypsizigus marmoreus b-Glucan (fruiting body)
13 Lampteromycer japonicus Mannan (fruiting body)
14 Lentinus edodes Lentinan (fruiting body, mycelium,
(b-glucan) medium product)
15 Lepiota procera Polysaccharide (mycelium)
16 Omphalia lapidescens b-Glucan (fruiting body)
17 Pleurotus ostreatus b-Glucan (fruiting body)
18 Polyporus confluens b-Glucopyranan (mycelium)
19 Polyporus mylittae b-Glucan (fruiting body)
20 Poria cocos b-Glucan (mycelium)
21 Porodisculus pendulus b-Glucan (medium products)
22 Sclerotinia libertiana b-Glucan (medium products)
23 Schizophyllum commune Schizophyllan (medium product)
(b-glucan)
24 Trametes gibbosa Glucan (fruiting body)
25 Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide (fruiting body)
26 Tricholoma giganteum Heteroglycan (fruiting body)
27 Tylopilus felleus b-Glucan (fruiting body)
28 Volvariella volvacea b-Glucan (fruiting body)
 SHI’ITAKE MEDICINAL VALUES
ACTIVE
EFFECT SUBSTANCES ACTIVITY
COMPOUND
Mempercepat
Anti Derivat
Eritadenine metabolisme dan
kolesterol adenine
ekskresi kolesterol
Menghambat replikasi
Ac2P Antivirus Polisakarida
virus
Asam Nukleat
Anti tumor / Menginduksi produksi
Viral particles RNA untai
virus interferon
ganda
Anti tumor / Menginduksi produksi
KS-2 Polisakarida
virus interferon
Polisakarida Menstimulasi sel T-helper
Lentinan Antitumor (1,3 β dalam sistim
glukan) kekebalan
Modulator sistem
LAP1 Antitumor Polisakarida
kekebalan
Anti
GMP (Guanosine Menghambat agregasi
koagulasi Asam Nukleat
monophosphate) platelet
darah
Antitumor
CURRENT SITUATION ON
NUTRICEUTICAL

• PRODUCT SALES
• INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• THE NEED (OPPORTUNITY???)
 GLOBAL NUTRITION INDUSTRY
U$180 B CONSUMER SALES IN 2003

Functional Supplement
Food 34%
36%

Natural Natural &

Personal Organic
Care Food
9% 21%

Source : www.nutritionbusiness.com
 GLOBAL NUTRITION INDUSTRY
GROWTH ($MIL)
2003
By Region 2002 2003 Growth
USA 58,520 63,710 8.9%
Europe 50,970 54,070 6.1%
Japan 28,820 31,520 9.4%
Canada 4,480 4,830 7.8%
China 6,040 6,940 14.8%
Rest of Asia 6,860 7,640 11.3%
LatAm 3,350 3,670 9.7%
Aust/NZ 2,990 3,210 7.4%
EE/Russia 1,930 2,250 16.3%
MidEast 800 880 10.1%
Africa 790 860 8.8%
Total Global Market 165,560 179,590 8.5%
Source : www.nutritionbusiness.com
FASTEST GROWING SALES FOR
VITAMINS AND DIETARY
SUPPLEMENT (VDS) IN 2003

Indonesia (36%)
Philippines (14%)
China (13%)
India (13%)

Source : Euromonitor International - OTC Healthcare Database 2004

 UNDERNOURISHMENT
• Recent data indicate that 50% of
Indonesian people are suffering from
Hidden Famine (undernourished)
http://www.kbi.gemari.or.id/

• Central Java 21,78% poverty lead to

undernourished (Bisnis Indonesia 2/6/05)

• Data from Center for Statistic Bureau

Indonesia says : more than 1,561,931
poverty in Lampung (22,22%)
http://www.urbanpoor.or.id/revmedia_upc.phtml
 CANCER
• Cancer is number six killer in Indonesia based
on family health data survey in 2002.
• 1 out of 1000 new cancer patient each year
[increase from 4,5% in 1992 to 4,9 % in 1995]
www.depkes.go.id/index.php?option=news&task=viewarticle&si
d=76&Itemid=2#
• According to WHO : 6.25 million cancer sufferer
increase each year worldwide
http://news.indosiar.com/news_index.htm?idsj=5&sj=kesehatan
 DIABETES
• Indonesia ranks 4th in diabetes mellitus
(DM) after India, China and US
• WHO : 17 m (8,6%) Indonesian sufferer in
2001
• WHO : 194 million (5,1%) In 2003 and
predicted will be 333 million in 2025
sufferer worldwide
• WHO : 3.2 million die from DM each year
worldwide
http://www.pdpersi.co.id/pdpersi/news/cakrawala_dalam.php3
(09 Sep 2005)
 CHOLESTEROL, STROKE,
HEART DISEASE
• Mortality rate caused by Coronary Heart Diseasae since
1975, 1981, 1986 and 1995 increased by 5,9%; 9,1%,
16% and 19 % respectivelly in Indonesia
www.sinarharapan.co.id/iptek/kesehatan/index.html
• 40% of neurology facility at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
hospital occupied by stroke patient
www.yastroki.or.id/printarticle.php?id=41 (17 September
2005)
• 63,52 per 100.000 Indonesian over 65 year old suffer
from stroke (www.kompas.co.id health section accessed
on 17 September 2005)
• Cardiovasculer disease in US was reported up to 60
million cases in 1996 (about 1 among 5 suffer from
cardiovasculer problem) www.pjnhk.go.id/artikel20.htm
 LIFE EXPECTANCY IN SOME COUNTRIES
100

Total - 1990 Total - 2003

Male - 2003 Female - 2003

80

60
Life Expectancy

40

20

0
Indi
a ia es il and nam a
ays ia an a re ng an
n es ppin T ha Vi et Chi n Mal T aiw Kor e apo g Ko J ap
Indo Phi li Sou
th Si ng Hon

Source : Euromonitor International - Global Market Information Database 2004

THE CONSUMPTION OF Year Consumption(Ton)
SHI’ITAKE IN JAPAN 1980 79.855
1985 74.706
1990 79.134
1995 100.810
1996 99.551
1997 100.810
1998 105.613
1999 102.139
2000 109.281
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
WASTE PRODUCT

• Palm pressed fiber waste was

estimated 4.18 million MT per year
during 2002-2005 (Musnandar, 2003)

• Cocoa husk was produced 1.5 million

MT in 2001 (Dept of Agriculture, 2001)

• Rice straw, Bagasse, Coconut husk,

Corn cob, Sawdust???
CULTIVATION POTENCY

• Biodiversity of fungi (mushroom)

• Raw material from waste
• Labor intensive (creating job)
COMMONEST CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS

• Straw mushroom
• Wood-ear
• Shimeji
• Hiratake
• Abalon
• Champignon
• Shi’itake
• Maetake
• Inokitake
 LOCAL EDIBLE AND
MEDICINAL MUSHROOM
JOBLESS PEOPLE
???
WHAT TO BE DEVELOPED?
• MYCO-FOODS (DISHES)
• MYCO-SUPPLEMENTS
• MYCO-DRINK
• MYCO-COSMETICS
MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
HEALTHY DRINK (GANODEX)
ANTI DIABETES CAPSULES
DIPPED TEA
INSTANT DRINK
CEREAL DRINK
DRIED SLICED
MUSHROOM POWDER
MYCO-SOUP
MYCO-BURGER
INDO-FRIED MUSHROOM
MUSHROOM TEMPE
HEALTHY DRINK SHI’ITEX
HEALTHY DRINK TIRAMEX
ANTI-CHOLESTEROL
CAPSULES
GRACIA