CHEMICAL

TERMS
&
CONCEPTS
Terms & Concepts
Flash
Point
 Terms & Concepts

Flammabl
e or
Explosive
Limits
 Terms & Concepts
Oxidizers & Organic
Peroxides
Benzoyl Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide
 Oxidation Hazards
Explosion
Reactive metals &
organics
Spontaneous
Ignition of com-
bustible materials
Organic peroxides
may be shock
sensitive
Terms & Concepts

Vapor
Density
Terms & Concepts
<1

Vapor Air = 1

Density
>1
Terms & Concepts
Specific
Gravity
Terms & Concepts
Vapor Pressure
 Terms & Concepts
Boiling
Point
 Terms & Concepts
Solubility
Terms & Concepts
Corrosives
 pH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ACIDS BASES
Acetic Acid Sodium Hydroxide
Hydrochloric Potassium
Acid Hydroxide
Sulfuric Acid Ammonia
 Potential
Hazards of
Neutralization
Rxn.?
Potential Hazards of
Neutralization Rxn.
FIRE (HEAT)
EXPLOSION
OVER PRESSURE
TOXIC VAPORS
 Terms & Concepts

Reactive
Terms & Concepts
Reactive
reacts with common
materials like air or
water
reacts dangerously
with many chemicals
 Terms & Concepts

 Polymerization
 Potential
Hazards of
Polymerization
Rxn.?
Potential Hazards of
Polymerization Rxn.
FIRE (HEAT)
EXPLOSION
OVER PRESSURE
TOXIC VAPORS
Flammable vs.
Combustibles
 Combustible Liquids
Combustible liquid is any liquid
having a flashpoint at or above
100 deg. F.
Combustible liquids shall be
divided into two classes as
follows:
Class II Liquids
Class III Liquids
 Class II Liquids
Class II liquids include those with
flashpoints at or above 100 deg. F. and
below 140 deg. F., except any mixture
having components with flashpoints of
200 deg. F.or higher, the volume of
which make up 99 percent or more of
the total volume of the mixture.
 Class III Liquids
Class III liquids include those
with flashpoints at or above 140
deg. F. Class III liquids are
subdivided into two subclasses:
Class IIIA liquids
Class IIIB liquids
 Class IIIA Liquids
Class IIIA liquids include those with
flashpoints at or above 140 deg. F. and
below 200 deg. F., except any mixture
having components with flashpoints
of 200 deg., or higher, the total volume
of which make up 99 percent or more
of the total volume of the mixture.
 Class IIIB Liquids
Class IIIB liquids include
those with flashpoints at or
above 200 deg. F.
 Flammable Liquids

Flammable liquid is any liquid having

a flashpoint below 100 deg. F. except
any mixture having components with
flashpoints of 100 deg. F. or higher,
the total of which make up 99 percent
or more of the total volume of the
mixture. Flammable liquids shall be
known as Class I liquids. Class I
liquids are divided into three classes
as follows:
 Flammable Classifications
Class IA includes liquids having
flashpoints below 73 deg. F. and
having a boiling point below 100
deg. F.
Class IB includes liquids having
flashpoints below 73 deg. F. and
having a boiling point at or above
100 deg.
Continue
Flammable Classifications
Class IC includes liquids
having flashpoints at or
above 73 deg. F. and below
100 deg. F.
Toxicology
 Toxicology
66,000 toxic
chemicals
< 10% have had
complete
toxicological surveys
 Bodily Effects

Acute Effects
Chronic Effects
 Bodily Effects
Acute Effects
ShortTerm
Chronic Effects
Long Term
 ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

INHALATION
ABSORPTION
(SKIN, EYES)
INJECTION
INGESTION
 Toxicology
Exposure
 Duration

 Concentration
EXPOSURE LIMITS
(29 CFR PART 1910.120)

PEL
 EXPOSURE LIMITS
(29 CFR PART 1910.120)
PEL
Permissible Exposure
Limits
Enforced Standards
29 CFR Part 1910.1000,
Subparts G & Z (OSHA)
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

TLV
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
TLV
ACGIH - American
Congress of Government
Industrial Hygienists
Threshold Limit Value
(TLV)
Recommended Workplace
Exposure Levels
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

TWA
 TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE
TWA
Average concentrations of
exposure
Based on duration of exposure
EXAMPLE:
1000 ppm for 1 hours
500 ppm for 2 hours
200 ppm for 3 hours
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

STEL
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT
STEL
The concentration to
which workers can be
exposed continuously for
a short period of time
(usually 15 minutes)
without suffering adverse
effects.
 Hazardous
Concentrations

IDLH
 Atmospheric Testing
1st Oxygen
OSHA Limits?
2nd Flammability
OSHA Limits?
3rd Toxics
OSHA Limits?
Stratified Atmospheres?
 Atmospheric Testing
1st Oxygen
19.5% to 23.5%
2nd Flammability
10% LEL
3rd Toxics
PEL
Stratified Atmospheres
 Stratified Atmosphere
A confined space may contain
hydrogen sulfide, having a vapor
density of >1, at the bottom of
the space and carbon monoxide,
having a vapor density of close
to 1, in the middle of the space
and methane, having a vapor
density of of <1, on top of the
space.
End