EFFECT OF PWHT ON MECHANICAL

AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF

CARBON STEEL WELD WITH LOW
ALLOY STEEL
Guided By:
Dr. Supratik Roychowdhary
CED, BARC

Technical Advisor: Presented By:

Smt. K.J.Umrani Gagandeep Singh
QAD,NPCIL QAD, NPCIL
 Outline
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Literature Survey
 Scope of Work
 Details of Work done so far
 Remaining Work
 INTRODUCTION

• Background of Project Work

• Flow Accelerated Corrosion
• PWHT
• Selection of Pipe Material
 Objectives
• To check whether it is beneficial to give PWHT
when it is not requirement as per Standard

• To see the relative effect of PWHT at different

temperature on Mechanical and Corrosion
behavior
 Literature Survey
S. No. Author Area of Work Remark & Observation

1 Vivekanand Kain Flow Accelerated 1. Problems with FAC

Corrosion: Forms, 2. Replacement of Carbon steel
Mechanism and Case with LAS
Studies

2 Chenge Zhang Effect of PWHT on C-Mn 1.Grain boundary ferrite softened

,Shinua metal weld 2.Change in microstructure
Yang,Dongpo
Wang

3 Ahmad Elrefaey , Evolution of 1. Increase in Toughness due to

Andrew J. microstructure and PWHT
Leonard , Yashar Toughness in 2.25 Cr -1 Mo 2. Effect of Heat Input on
Javadi Mechanical Properties
S. No. Author Area of Work Remark & Observation
4 Benjamin King Welding and PWHT of 1.Various Phases during
2.25%Cr-1Mo Steel Cooling
2.Regions in Weld
3.Formation of Carbides

5 A. H.V Pavan , Analysis of SA-106 Gr.B Inclusions coupled with

Kulvir Singh Pipe Failure overstress lead to failure
6 Khaleel Ahmad,J PWHT-Case Studies Principle of Stress relief and
Krishnan case studies
7 R. Scott Key concepts in Welding Requirement of PWHT and
Fundreburk Engineering Post Heating
8 Peter Mayr , John Microstructural features , Difference in alloy
A. Siefert , Mechanical properties composition leads to carbon
Christian and high temp. failures of diffusion during welding ,
Schlacher dissimilar welds PWHT and Long term service
at Elevated Temperatures
9 Atomic Energy Welding of Carbon Steel Heat treatment and Defects in
Control Board Vessels without PWHT Welding
S. No. Author/ Area of Work Remark & Observation
Institution

10 Varun Sharma , AS Quenched and Tempered •Variation in Phases and

Shahi Steel Welded with Micro- Microhardness due to variable
alloyed Ferritic fillers metallurgical weld
composition

•Improvement in Mechanical
Properties due to
Microalloying

11 ASME Section II Material Standard Material Properties and

Electrode Selection
 Scope of Work
• Selection of Filler , Electrodes and preparation
of Welded Specimen
• Performing of Mechanical test like Tensile test ,
Impact test, Microhardness Test and
Microstructural Analysis etc.
• Corrosion Behavior analysis
 Work Done So Far

• Literature Survey
• Welded specimen prepared
• Tensile , Impact , Hardness Test done
• Microstructure Analysis done
Preparation of Welded Specimen
 Welding Parameters
A5.28 C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo Cu

ER90S-B3 0.07- 0.40- 0.40- 0.025 0.025 0.20 2.3-2.7 0.90- 0.35
0.12 0.70 0.70 1.20

A5.5 C Mn Si P S Ni Cr Mo Cu
E9018-B3 0.05- 0.90 0.80 0.03 0.03 0.20 2.0-2.5 0.90- -
0.12 1.20

Layer AWS No. Size Current Voltage Travel Heat Input Shielding Backing gas
No. (A) (V) Speed (KJ/mm) gas flow flowrate
(mm/min) rate(L/min) (L/min)

1 2.4 80-110 11-13 49.70 1.06-1.73 8-10 13-15

ER90S-B3
2 2.4 110-130 11-13 89.95 0.81-1.13 8-10 13-15
3 3.15 120-130 23-25 120.11 1.38-1.62 - -
4 3.15 122-126 23-25 121.25 1.39-1.56 - -
5 3.15 122-128 23-26 118.31 1.42-1.69 - -
6 3.15 122-128 23-26 116.18 1.45-1.72 - -
7 3.15 122-128 23-26 119.23 1.41-1.67 - -
E9018-B3
8 3.15 122-128 23-26 117.17 1.44-1.70 - -
9 3.15 122-128 23-26 118.15 1.42-1.69 - -
10 3.15 122-129 23-26 121.25 1.39-1.66 - -
11 3.15 122-129 23-26 119.22 1.41-1.69 - -
12 3.15 122-129 23-26 123.27 1.37-1.63 - -
 PWHT
900

800

700

600
Temperature(oC)

500 600
650
400 700
750
300
800
200

100

0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Time(In Hrs.)
 Tensile Test
Stress Vs Strain Curve
550.000

500.000

450.000

400.000

350.000
Stess (MPa)

300.000 ASWELDED Stress(MPa)

600C
250.000 650C
700C
200.000
750C
800C
150.000

100.000

50.000

0.000
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500

Strain
 UTS
520.00

500.00

480.00
UTS(MPa)

460.00

440.00

420.00

400.00
AS Welded 600oC 650oC 700oC 750oC 800oC
Ultimate Tensile Strength 505.87 484.85 474.18 456.00 435.56 440.24
 Elongation & RA
Elongation % Reduction in Area (%)

70

59.77
60
52.77 53.14
50.19 50.76
50 46.68
Percentage(%)

40

30 26.80 25.58
25.18
21.92
19.52 20.64
20

10

0
AW 600C 650C 700C 750C 800C
Specimen Condition
 IMPACT TEST
Charpy Test Data
350.00

300.00
Energy Absorbed(J)

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
As Welded 600oC 650oC 700oC 750oC 800oC
SA-106Gr.B(HAZ) 69.33 72.67 102.00 105.00 112.00 64.00
SA-335 P22(HAZ) 79.33 134.67 168.67 278.67 290.67 78.00

SA-106Gr.B(HAZ) SA-335 P22(HAZ)

 Microstructure Examination
• Preparation of Specimen
• Etching with Nital Solution
• Examination under 100X
• Images
 Microhardness
250

200

150
HV100

BM(SA-106 Gr.B)
HAZ (SA-106 Gr.B)
100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Specimen
 Microhardness
400

350

300

250
HV100

200
BM(SA-335 P22)
HAZ (SA-335 P22)
150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Specimen
 Future Plan of Work
• Conduct Microhardness mapping
• Corrosion experiments
• Comparison of experimental results
• Validation of the results with explaination
• Conclusion
THANK YOU