gases

kinetic molecular theory of gases

 pressure

temperature

volume
 pressure

- the amount of force exerted

per unit area
 temperature

- a measure of the average

translational kinetic energy of the
molecules
 volume

- space occupied
Gas Laws
 Boyle’s
Law
The volume of a given amount of gas
is inversely proportional to its
pressure at constant temperature.
Robert
Boyle
P 1 V1 = P 2 V2
isotherm
Application
 Charles’
Law
The volume of a given amount of gas is
directly proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant pressure.
Jacques
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 Charles
isobar
Application
Avogadro
’s Law
‘The volume of a gas at a given
temperature pressure is directly
proportional to the number of
moles contained in the volume.’
Amedeo
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2 Avogadro
Application
 Gay-
Lussac’s
Law
The pressure of a given amount
of gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature at
constant volume.
Joseph Louis
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 Gay-Lussac
 Pressure
isochoric

Temperature
 A gas sample occupies a volume of 2.5 L at a
pressure of 1.5 atm. What would be the volume
of the gas if its pressure is reduced to 1 atm at
the same temperature?
At 30°C, the volume of a sample of air was 5.8
L. What would be the volume of the air sample if
it is heated to 60°C at the same pressure?
1.0 mole of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L gas at
0°C and 1 atm. What would be the volume of 7.5
mol of the gas at the same temperature and
pressure?
 Calculate the volume that will be occupied
by 20.0 g carbon dioxide at 25°C and 1.25
atm.
The gas inside a balloon has a volume of 15.0 L
at a pressure of 2.0 atm. Calculate the pressure
of the gas if its volume is compressed to 10.0 L
at the same temperature.
Application
 A syringe is filled with air to 60 ml at 1
atmosphere. Then the syringe is sealed
and compressed to 20 ml. What is the
final pressure?

A flask filled with carbon dioxide is heated

from 10°C to 40°C. The starting pressure was
98 kPa, what is the final pressure?
A balloon is filled with 1.5 L of air at 20°C
then placed in a freezer until it reaches a
temperature of 5°C. What is the final
volume?

5.36 liters of nitrogen gas are at -25°C

and 733 mmHg. What would be the
volume at 128°C and 1.5 atm?
IDEAL GAS EQUATION
 Calculate the volume that will be
occupied by 20.0 g carbon dioxide at
25°C and 1.25 atm.
The volume of a gas sample at 0°C
and 1.0 atm is 10.0 L. How many
moles of gas are contained in the
sample?
GAS MIXTURES
Dalton’s Law of Partial
Pressure
In a gas mixture composed of N2, Ne, and He,
the partial pressure of N2 is 0.50 atm, that of
Ne is 1.1 atm, and that of He is 0.80 atm.
What is the total pressure of the mixture?
 A sample of oxygen gas, which is
saturated with water vapor, is kept in a 10-
L vessel at 30°C and has a pressure of 758
Torr. If the pressure of the water vapor at
this temperature is 31.8 Torr, what would
be the pressure of the dry oxygen?
APPLICATION
A gas mixture contains 2.5 mol N2 and 9.7
mol CO2, and has a pressure of 2.3 atm.
What is the partial pressure of each gas?
What would be the pressure of 6.40 g oxygen
gas in a vessel with a volume of 4.5 L at
20°C?

In a gas mixture composed of N2, Ne, and

He, the partial pressure of N2 is 0.50 atm,
that of Ne is 1.1 atm, and that of He is 0.80
atm. Calculate the mole fraction of each gas.