NAS Foundations: EMC Global Education

NAS Foundations
EMC Global Education

© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. These materials may not be copied without EMC's written consent.
1
NAS Foundations
After completing this module, you will be able to:

 Identify the concepts and value of Network Attached Storage
 List Environmental Aspects of NAS
 Identify the EMC NAS Platforms and their differences
 Identify and describe the Celerra Software Features
 Identify and describe the Celerra Management Software offerings
 Identify and describe Windows Specific Options with respect to
EMC NAS environments
 Identify and describe NAS Business Continuity Options with
respect to the various EMC NAS platforms

© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 2
Network Attached Storage
NAS Overview

3
What Is Network-Attached Storage
Client Application Application
 Built on the concept of Application
shared storage on a Local

Area Network Unix Client Windows Client
Unix Client
 Leverages the benefits of
Network
a network file server and
network storage
 Utilizes industry-standard
network and file sharing
protocols
File Server + Network-attached storage = NAS

Why NAS?
 Highest availability Firewall

Internal
Network
 Scales for growth
 Avoids file replication
S1
Internet
S2
 Increases flexibility .
.
.
. NAS
 Reduces complexity
Sn
 Improves security Data Center
Web
Servers
 Costs
NAS Operations
NAS
 All I/O operations use file level I/O
protocols
Application
– No awareness of disk volumes or disk
sectors
 File system is mounted remotely using
a network file access protocol, such as: IP Network
– Network File System (NFS)
– Common Internet File System(CIFS)
 I/O is redirected to remote system
NAS Device
 Utilizes mature data transport (e.g.,
TCP/IP) and media access protocols Direct OR
Attach SAN
 NAS device assumes responsibility for
organizing data (R/W) on disk and
managing cache
Disk

NAS Architecture
To Storage
Application  NFS and CIFS handle Storage Network

file requests to remote Protocol
Remote I/O (Fibre Channel)
Request file system
Operating System
 I/O is encapsulated by Drive Protocol (SCSI)
TCP/IP Stack to move
NAS
I/O Redirector over the network Operating
System
NFS/CIFS  NAS device converts
requests to block I/O Network File
Protocol Handler
and reads or writes
TCP/IP Stack
data to NAS disk
TCP/IP Stack
Network Interface
storage
Network Interface
File I/O to NAS

NAS Device
Client Application
 Single-purpose machine or component,
serves as a dedicated, high-
performance, high-speed
communication of file data IP Network
 Is sometimes called a filer or a network
appliance
NAS Device
 Uses one or more Network Interface
Cards (NICs) to connect to the customer Network Drivers and Protocols
network NFS CIFS
 Uses proprietary optimized operating
NAS Device OS (DART)
system; DART, Data Access in Real
Time, is EMC’s NAS operating system Storage Drivers and Protocols
 Uses industry standard storage
protocols to connect to storage
resources
Disk
Storage

NAS Applications
 CAD/CAM environments, where

widely dispersed engineers have to
share and modify design drawings
 Serving Web pages to thousands of
workstations at the same time
 Easily sharing company-wide
information among employees
 Database application
– Low transaction rate
– Low data volatility
– Smaller in size
– Not performance constrained

NAS Configuration
An Introduction

10
What is a Network?
 LAN
Site 1
 Physical Media
 WAN
Site 2
Physical Components
NIC
 Network
Interface
Card (NIC) Switch
155.10.10.XX
 Switches
 Routers
NIC
Router
NIC
155.10.20.XX
Switch
NIC
Network Protocols
NIC
 Network transport
Protocols
Switch
 Network 155.10.10.XX
filesystem
Protocols NIC
Router
NIC
Switch
155.10.20.XX
NIC
Network Addressing
155.10.10. 14 155.10.10.13
Host name Mary Host Name Peter
 IP Addressing DHCP
DNS Server Server
155.10.10.XX
 DHCP
155.10.10.12
155.10.10.11
Router
 DNS 155.10.20.XX
Switch
Host Name = Account1

EMC Global Education 155.10.20.11
Volume and Files
155.10.10. 14 155.10.10.13
Host name Mary Host Name Peter
 Create
Volumes DHCP
Server
DNS Server
 Create
Network 155.10.10.12
155.10.10.11
Filesystem
Router
NAS
Account1
155.10.20.11 Array
File System /Acct_ Rep

Group Name = SALES
Publish 155.10.10. 14 155.10.10. 13
Host name Mary Host name Peter
User Mary User Peter
MS Windows Unix
Share Export
DHCP
 Export Server
DNS Server
155.10.10.12
 Share 155.10.10.11
Router
Group Name = Accounting
NAS
155.10.20.11 Array
ACCOUNT1 /Acct_ Rep

Group Name = SALES
Client Access
155.10.10. 14 155.10.10. 13
MS Windows
Unix
MAP DHCP nfsmount
 Mount Server
DNS Server
155.10.10.12
 MAP 155.10.10.11
Router
NAS
155.10.20.11 Array
ACCOUNT1 /Acct_ Rep

Group Name = SALES
File Permissions
155.10.10. 14 155.10.10. 13
MS Windows
Unix
DHCP
DNS Server Server
 Creates File
 File Request 155.10.10.11
155.10.10.12
Router
NAS
Account1 155.10.20.11 Array

/Acct_ Rep

Files MRPT1 PRPT2
EMC NAS Platforms
Products

19
EMC NAS Platforms
Spanning the Enterprise
Microsoft OS
Celerra Family DART OS Based
Based
Data Integrity High Availability High Availability Advanced Clustering Advanced Clustering
1 Intel Based 1 or 2 Data Movers 1 or 2 Data Movers 2–14 Data Movers 2–14 Data Movers
Windows NAS Integrated NAS SAN and NAS SAN and NAS SAN, NAS and MPFS
Replication Replication Replication Replication Replication and advanced
business continuity
Celerra Celerra / Celerra /

Netwin Celerra Symmetrix
NS X00S NS X00GS CLARiiON
NS X00G Golden Golden Eagle/Eagle
NSX00 frame
Eagle/Eagle
© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. frame 20
Celerra NAS - SAN Scalability Celerra
NSX00G
NSX00GS CLARiiON
 Consolidated storage
CX Family
infrastructure for all Celerra
applications Golden
 NAS front end scales Eagle/
Eagle
independently of SAN back
end
Connectrix
– Connect to multiple SAN
Symmetrixes, CLARiiON
– Improved utilization
 Allocate storage to Celerra
and servers as needed
– Easy to move filesystems
among Data Movers
– Online filesystem growth Symmetrix
Windows DMX Family
 Centralized management for
SAN and NAS UNIX
Celerra Family Hardware

22
Celerra Family – Control Station Hardware
 Two form factors
Golden Eagle
and Eagle
Golden Eagle and Eagle
Frame
Frame
Control Station
NS XXX Frame Control Station
Disk
Control
Array
Enclosure Station
s
Standby Power
Supplies NS XXX Frame
Storage
Processors Control Station
Data
Movers
Celerra Family – Data Mover Hardware
 Single or Dual Intel Processors
 PCI or PCI-X based
 High memory capacity
 Multi-port Network cards
 Fibre Channel connectivity to
storage arrays Data Mover
 No internal storage devices Golden Eagle and Eagle Frame
 Redundancy mechanism
NS XXX
Frame
Data Mover

NAS Reference Documentation
 NAS Interoperability Matrix
– Data Movers
– Control Stations
– Software supported features
www.emc.com/horizontal/interoperability

Celerra Family Software
Software Operating System

26
Celerra Software – Operating Systems
 Linux 7.2
– This is an industry hardened and EMC modified Operating System
loaded on the Control Station to provide
• Secure NAS management environment
• Growing in popularity and corporate acceptance
 DART – Data Access in Real Time
– This is a highly specialized Operating System designed to optimize
network traffic Input/Output throughput and is loaded on the Data
Movers
– Is multi-threaded to optimize load balancing capabilities of the multi-
processor Data Movers
– Advanced volume management - UxFS
• Large file size and filesystem support
• Ability to extend filesystems online
• Metadata logging for fast recovery
• Striped volume support
– Feature rich to support the varied specialized capabilities of the
Celerra range
High Availability Features

28
Network FailSafe Device
 Network outages, due to environmental failure, are

more common than Data Mover failures
 Network FailSafe Device
– DART OS mechanism to minimize data access disruption due
to these failures
– Logical device is created using either physical ports, or other
logical ports, combined together to create redundant groups of
ports
– Logically grouped Data Mover network ports monitor network
traffic on the ports
– Active FailSafe Device port senses traffic disruption
– Standby (non-active) port assumes the IP Address and Media
Access Control address in a very short space of time, thus
reducing data access disruption
Link Aggregation - High Availability
 Link aggregation is the combining of two or more data

channels into a single
data channel for high availability
– Two Methods: IEEE 802.3ad LACP & CISCO FastEtherChannel
 IEEE 802.3ad LACP
– Combining links for improved
availability
LINK
– If one port fails, other ports
take over
– Industry standard IEEE Industry
802.3ad Standard
Celerra Switch
– Combines 2–12 Ethernet ports
into a single virtual link
– Deterministic behavior
– Does not increase single client
throughput
Link Aggregation - High Availability (cont)
 CISCO FastEtherChannel
– Port grouping for improved
availability
– Combines 2,4, or 8 Ethernet
ports into a single virtual
device Channel
– Inter-operates with trunking-
capable switches CISCO Switch
– High availability—if one port
fails, other ports take over Celerra
– Does not increase single client
throughput

Network Redundancy - High Availability
 An example of FSN and Port aggregation co-operation

Celerra Family Management
Software

33
Management
Virtual Local Area Networks

34
VLAN Support
Broadcast Domain
 Create logical LAN
VLAN A
segment LAN Hub Hub
Collision
– Divide a single LAN Domain
Bridge
into logical segments
or LAN Segment
– Join multiple separate Collision Domain
segments into one Switch LAN Segment
logical LAN Hub Hub VLAN B
 VLAN Tagging
– 802.1q
Collision Domain
 Simplified Management
LAN Segment
– No network Hub Hub VLAN A
Bridge
reconfiguration
required for or
member relocation Switch Workstation VLAN B
Router Broadcast Domain LAN

VLAN - Benefits
 Performance
 Reduced Overhead
 Reduced Costs
 Security
VLAN-A VLAN S VLAN E

Management
User Interfaces

37
Celerra Management – Command Line
 The command line can be accessed on the Control

Station via
– An ssh interface tool i.e. PuTTy
– Telnet
 It’s primary function is for the scripting of common
repetitive tasks that may run on a predetermined
schedule to ease administrative burden
 It has approximately 60 UNIX command-like commands

Celerra Web User Interface – prior to NAS 5.2
 Supports the most common

tasks
– Network configuration
– Hardware configuration
– Management:
• Data Movers
• Filesystems
• Shares
• Checkpoints
– Status
– Utilization
 Integrated help for specific
tasks and fields
 Graphical indicators report
system health
Celerra Native Manager - prior to NAS 5.2
 Filesystem management
 Quota configuration and
reconfiguration
 Wizard capabilities for
initial configuration
– Offline editing
– Batch program generation
– Template import/export
 Online operation (live changes
and updates)
 Reconfiguration (modifications
and deletes)
 Automation and expert system
support
Celerra Monitor - prior to NAS 5.2
 Performance
– Data Movers
– CLARiiON
– Symmetrix
 View
– System ID
– Status
– Alerts

Celerra Manager v5.2 – Management

Celerra Manager v5.2 - Wizards

Celerra Manager v5.2 - Tools

EMC ControlCenter V5.x.x NAS Support
 Discovery and monitoring

– Data Movers
– Devices and volumes
– Network adapters and IP
interfaces
– Mount points
– Exports
– Filesystems (including
snapshots and checkpoints)

Celerra Family Filesystem
Management
Quotas

46
Filesystem Controls - User Quota Restrictions
 One of the most common concerns in a distributed data

environment is that users tend to save many copies of
the same information
 When working in a collaborative distributed
environment, the amount of data space required by
each user expands rapidly and, in some cases,
uncontrollably
 To minimize data space outages, the user space can be
controlled by imposing Quotas on users, or groups of
users, to limit either the number of blocks of disk space
they can use or the number of files they can create

Celerra Family Management
Software
Windows Specific Options

48
Usermapper
 Maps Windows Security ID to UNIX Permissions
 Two Methodologies
– Single Mode - one Primary Server only
– Distributed Mode - One Primary -> Many Secondaries
Primary Server Secondary Server
•Maintains Master DB •Maintains Cache of entries
•Provides New UID/GID to used on particular secondary
specific Secondary issuing the from the Master DB
request. •Resolves Queries for any
request that is in cache
•Requests update if an entry is
requested that is not in Cache
Usermapper - pre & post DART v5.2
Primary Server
(4) Adds a new entry from specified
UID/GID range
Example:
(5) Notifies all other Secondary Servers that
New User Requests Resource
they should initiate a cache update request
(New mapping required)
DART Usermapper DB
Data Mover
Usermapper DB v5.2
Pre - DART
Usermapper
(3) v5.2 (6)
New Mapping New Entry
Resolver
Request
(1) Resolver queries Secondary Server

First server configured (2) Mapping is not in DB
(8) Replies to the Data (7) Updates cache with new mapping
Mover's request with the
UID/GID mapping
Usermapper DB
Configuration/Installation
Virtual Data Movers – DART v5.2
 Virtual Data Movers on Single Physical Data Movers –

DART v5.2
– Another improvement to the Windows integration is the ability
to create multiple virtual CIFS servers on each Data Mover
– This is achieved by creating Virtual Data Mover environments
– This is a huge benefit to the consolidation of multiple server,
file serving functionality onto single Data Movers, as each
virtual Data Mover can maintain isolated CIFS servers with
their own root filesystem environment
– This will allow whole Virtual Data Mover environments to be
loaded, unloaded, or even replicated between physical Data
Movers for ease in Windows environmental management

Additional Tools - “MMC Snap-ins”
 UNIX User Management

– Active Directory migration tool
– MMC plug-in extension for Active
– Directory uses and computers
– Celerra Management tool snap-in
– (MMC Console)
 Virus Checker Management
– Celerra Management tool:
– (MMC Console)
 Home Directory snap-in
– Allows multiple points of entry to a
single share
 Data Mover security snap-in
– Manage user rights and auditing
Celerra Family Business
Continuity
Disk Based Replication and Recovery Solutions

53
Disk-Based Replication and Recovery Solutions
Celerra/Symmetrix
Synchronous
Disaster
Recovery
SRDF
File-based
FUNCTIONALITY
Replication
Celerra /CLARiiON TimeFinder/FS
Celerra Replicator
EMC OnCourse
File
Restoration
Celerra SnapSure
Celerra/FC4700
Celerra
NS600
RECOVERY TIME

Hours Minutes Seconds
Disaster Recovery
Celerra Symmetrix Remote Data Facility

55
Celerra SRDF – Disaster Recovery
Increases data availability by combining the high availability of the
Celerra family with the Symmetrix Remote Data Facility
Network
Campus (60 km) distance

Celerra Celerra
Uni or bi-directional
 Celerra synchronous disaster recovery solution

– Allows an administrator to configure remote standby Data Movers, waiting to
assume primary roles, in the event of a disaster occurring at the primary data site
– SRDF allows administrator to achieve a remote synchronous copy of production
filesystems at a remote location
– Real-time, logically synchronized and consistent copies of selected volumes
– Uni-directional and bi-directional support
– Resilient against drive, link, and server failures
– No lost I/Os in the event of a disaster
– Independent of CPU, operating system, application, or database
– Simplifies disaster recovery switchover and back
Data Replication
SnapSure, TimeFinder/FS & Celerra Replicator

57
Celerra SnapSure - Data Replication
 Enables speedy recovery
– Low volume activity, read-only
applications
– Simple file undelete Celerra CLARiiON or
– Incremental backup Symmetrix
 Logical point-in-time view of
Celerra data
– Works for all Celerra Implementations
– Saves disk space
– Maintains pointers to track changes to
the primary filesystem
– Not a mirror; creation of specialized
volumes (R1/R2, BCVs) not required
– Multiple Checkpoints for recovery of Production Checkpoint
different point-in-time images filesystem
• GUI Checkpoint schedule
manipulation
• Checkpoint out of order delete
• Automatic mounting - NAS v5.2
Celerra TimeFinder/FS - Data Replication
 Point in time copy of file system
 Provides an independent mirror
copy of Celerra data for “out-of-
band” business processes and Symmetrix Celerra
support functions
 Provides read and write
functionality independent of the
original
 Requires Symmetrix storage Point-in-time
copy
 Celerra controlled features
– Point-in-time copies
FSA
– Dynamic mirroring PFS
PFS
– Multiple BCVs Copy
– Spans volumes
– Entire filesystem
BCV = Business Continuance Volume
 Applications
– Backup and restore
– Data warehouses
– Live test data
– Batch jobs
TimeFinder/FS Near Copy
 Synchronous disk-based
disaster recovery and data Windows UNIX
replication solution
– Requires Symmetrix storage
Data
– R1/R2 data is synchronized Network
for disaster recovery
– Read-only R2 data accessible
via BCV for backup and SRDF
testing purposes R1 R2
– Synchronous SRDF as base BCV
technology
• 60 km distance
Celerra Symmetrix Symmetrix Celerra
– ESCON/Fibre Channel

TimeFinder/FS with SRDF – Far Copy
Windows UNIX Windows UNIX  Asynchronous data replication

solution
– Replicated point-in time copy of
primary site filesystem
– Data replication time will not
R1 Site R2 Site impact production file system
Network Network performance
– Requires Symmetrix storage
– Uses SRDF Adaptive Copy as
STD STD
base technology
SRDF – Sites can be geographically
Adaptive distant
Copy
R1/ BCV R2/ BCV
Celerra Symmetrix Symmetrix Celerra

Celerra Replicator - Data Replication
 Point-in-time read-only UNIX UNIX

filesystem copy over IP
 Production filesystem available Windows Windows
during replication R1 Site R2 Site

 Only sends changed data over Network Network
wire (after initial synchronization)

 One-way link for single target Production Secondary
content distribution Filesystem
IP
Filesystem
Network
 Asynchronous Data Recovery Primary
SavVol
Secondary
SavVol
 Data recovery for CIFS data Log
Celerra/Symmetrix Celerra NSX00

Replication Process

Celerra Family
Tape-Based Backup and Restore Options

63
Tape-Based Backup and Restore Options
 EMC Data Manager

Network
Network  Most backup utilities
DATA
Backup  NFS/CIFS mounts over the client network
or separate sub-network
Celerra EDM Tape

Celerra
NDMP  VERITAS NetBackup Data
Backup  Legato Networker
Network
(LAN-less  CommVault Galaxy
local backup)  HP OmniBack EDM Symmetrix Tape
 Atempo Time Navigator or CLARiiON

Celerra Network Backup

– Multi-protocol support
Network EDM Tape – Supports both shared UNIX
Library
(NFS) and Windows (CIFS) in
a mixed environment
– Network-based backup
– Preserves NFS and CIFS
attributes
Celerra CLARiiON Connectrix

 Third-party backup products
or
Symmetrix
– CIFS access through shares
– NFS access through mounts
Data Flow
Control Information Flow

Celerra Recovery—NDMP Backup
– Full, incremental, and differential
backups
– EDM Autoschedule workload
Production balancing
Network – Three-way backup (between Data
Client with NDMP Movers)
backup software  Third-party NDMP
– VERITAS NetBackup
Data Mover – Legato NetWorker
NDMP Agent
– CommVault Galaxy
– HP OmniBack
– Atempo Time Navigator
 Celerra backs up data to directly
Tape Celerra CLARiiON attached tape library unit (TLU)
Library Unit or
Symmetrix
 Backup is performed by client running
NDMP-compliant ISV software
Data Flow
Control Information Flow
 No LAN performance impact: only
control data goes via the LAN
 Multi-protocol support: both CIFS and
© 2004 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
NFS filesystem attributes 66
Module Summary
Key points covered in this module:

 Identify the concepts and value of Network Attached Storage
 List NAS Configuration Issues
 Identify the EMC NAS Platforms and their differences
 Identify and describe the Celerra Software Features
 Identify and describe the Celerra Management Software offerings
 Identify and describe Windows Specific Options with respect to
EMC NAS environments
 Identify and describe NAS Business Continuity Options with
respect to the various EMC NAS platforms


NAS Foundations: EMC Global Education

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NAS Foundations

EMC Global Education

After completing this module, you will be able to:

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

shared storage on a Local

File Server + Network-attached storage = NAS

EMC Global Education

 Highest availability Firewall

EMC Global Education

Application  NFS and CIFS handle Storage Network

File I/O to NAS

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 CAD/CAM environments, where

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

Host Name = Account1

File System /Acct_ Rep

ACCOUNT1 /Acct_ Rep

ACCOUNT1 /Acct_ Rep

Account1 155.10.20.11 Array

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

Celerra Celerra / Celerra /

EMC Global Education

 No internal storage devices Golden Eagle and Eagle Frame

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 Network outages, due to environmental failure, are

 Link aggregation is the combining of two or more data

EMC Global Education

 An example of FSN and Port aggregation co-operation

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

Router Broadcast Domain LAN

EMC Global Education

VLAN-A VLAN S VLAN E

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 The command line can be accessed on the Control

EMC Global Education

 Supports the most common

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 Discovery and monitoring

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

 One of the most common concerns in a distributed data

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

(1) Resolver queries Secondary Server

 Virtual Data Movers on Single Physical Data Movers –

EMC Global Education

 UNIX User Management

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education

EMC Global Education