FIBER CRAFT

History of Fiber
Fibers have been used for apparel and home fashion for
thousands of years or as old as human civilization. In
comparison, the man-made fiber industry began with the first
commercial production of rayon in 1910.
For many thousand years, the usage of fiber is limited by
natural fiber such as flax, cotton, silk, wool, and plant
fibers for different applications.
FIBER
A unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a
yarn or made into fabric by bonding or by interlacing
in a variety of methods including weaving, knitting,
braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and
which is the basic structural element of textile
products.
CRAFT
• An activity that involves making something in a
skillful way
• A job or activity that requires special skill
 Fibre Craft
It is a fine art whose material consists of natural or synthetic fibre
and other components such as fabric or yarn.
In order for the fibre to be made into cloth or clothing, it must be
spun(twisted) into a strand known as yarn.
Knitting and crochet are common methods of twisting and
shaping the yarn into garments or fabric. Weaving is the most
common use of yarn to make a cloth.
Natural Fiber
Any hair like raw material directly obtained from an
animal, vegetable, or wood source and geological
processes that can be convertible after spinning into
yarns and then into fabric.
Various Categories of Natural Fiber
Plant
Animal
Wood
Plant Fibers
Can be classified as:
a. Fiber occurring on the seed (raw cotton, java cotton)
b. Phloem fiber (flax, ramie, hemp, jute)
c. Tendon fiber from stem or leaves (banana, abaca, pandan, pinya)
d. Fiber occurring around the trunk (hemp palm)
e. Fiber of fruit/nut shells (coconut fiber-coir)
Cotton and Linen are the most important among them. Plant fibers
are employed in the manufacture of paper and textile (cloth).
Cotton
• is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the
cotton plant.
• the outer surface is covered with a protective wax
like coating which gives fiber an adhesive quality
Kapok Fibre
• is a silky cotton like substance that surrounds
the seeds in pods of the ceiba tree.
• 8 times lighter that cotton
• since its inelastic and too fragile, it can't be spun.
Bast Fiber
• a fiber collected from the phloem surrounding
the stem of a certain plant.
Jute Fiber
• one of the cheapest natural fiber and is
second only to cotton in amount produced
and variety of fibers.
• Long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber
Ramie Fiber
• is one of the oldest fiber crops.
• it requires chemical processing to de-gum the
fiber.
Hemp Fiber
• used to remove the fiber from the stem, the
hemp naturally may be creamy white, brown,
gray, black or green.
• yellowish brown fiber
Coir Fiber
• Fiber mechanically extracted from dry
mature coconut husk after soaking.
Animal Fiber
• are natural fibers that consist largely of proteins such as
silk, hair/fur, wool and feathers.
Classified as:
Hair Fibers (Staple); Secretion Fibers (Filament)
Wool (Specialty hair fibers); Silk (Spider silk, Insect
fiber)
Silk Fiber
• It is a natural fiber that can be woven into
textiles. It is obtained from the cocoon of the
silk worm larva, in the process known as
sericulture.
• fine continuous strand unwound from the cocoon
of a moth caterpillar known as the silkworm.
Types of Silk
• Mulberry silk: This is a white to yellow colored silk. It is fine and is
used mainly for apparel.
• Muga silk: This is a golden yellow colored silk. It is obtained from the
semi-domesticated silkworm which feeds on the aromatic leaves of
Som and Soalu plants.
• Eri silk: This is got from the domesticated silkworm. It feeds mainly on
castor leaves.
• Tussar silk: Also known as Kosa silk, is valued for its purity and
texture. It is drawn from cocoons.
Wool Fiber
• is the fiber derived from the fur of animals.
• exhibits felting property and is easy to spin
Types of Wool Fiber
• Clipped/Fleece wool taken from the
live sheep
• Pulled wool taken from sheep already
dead.
• Merino wool is the best grade of
wool.
Man Made Synthetic Fibers
Rayon, Polyester, Nylon, Aramid,
Acrylic, Spandex,
Vinyon, Saran, Nytril
Teflon/Flourocarbon
Rayon
• is a manufactured generated cellulosic fiber.
• it is the first man made fiber.
Polyester
• it has a high melting temperature.
• have a good strength and are hydrophobic
• the fiber has a rod like shape with a smooth surface.
• it has excellent resiliency and is the best wash and
wear fabric
Nylon
• one of the most common polymers used as
fiber
• the fiber has a smooth rod like shape with a
smooth surface.
Acetate
• is derived from cellulose by reacting
purified cellulose from wood pulp with
acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the
presence of sulfuric acid.
Rubber Fiber
• Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer that
naturally occur colloidal suspension or latex, in the
sap of plants.
• the manufacturing process consists of extruding the
natural rubber latex into a coagulating bath to form
filament. The material is cross linked to obtain fibers
which exhibit high stretch.
• it can be synthesized.
 Inorganic Fibers
Glass - Silica sand, lime stone, and other
minerals
Ceramic- alumina, silica
Graphite fibers- Carbon
Metallic fibers- aluminum, silver, gold and
stainless steel
Glass Fiber
• it is also known as fiberglass that is a
material made from extremely fine fibers of
glass.
• it has a high degree of viscosity
• the basis of textile grade glass fiber is silica.
• the first type of glass used for fiber was
soda-lime glass.
• it has a good thermal insulation.
Examples
Examples
Thank You
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