TEKNIK

PERMESINAN
KAPAL II
PPS TEKNOLOGI KELAUTAN
ITS Surabaya
Lubricating Oil
 Lubricating oils are a product of the crude oil refining
process. The various properties required of the oil are
obtained as a result of blending and the introduction of
additives. The physical and chemical properties of an oil
are changed by additives which may act as oxidation
inhibitors, wear reducers, dispersants, detergents.
Detergent and dispersant additives are used to clean
engines. Detergents are most effective in the hot areas
(pistons, for example) where they destroy carbon
deposits or prevent their formation; dispersants help to
maintain particles (such as
Anti-wear and high pressure additives contribute to the
maintenance of satisfactory lubrication under the most
severe wear conditions.
Anti-oxidation additives retard damage due to thermal
and oxidation phenomena at high lubricant pressures
and hence extend the life of the lubricant.
Lubricating Oil Property
Viscosity has already been mentioned with
respect to fuel oils, but it is also an important
property of lubricating oils. Viscosity index is
also used, which is the rate of change of
viscosity with temperature.
Total Base Number (TBN) is an indication of
the quantity of alkali, i.e. base, which is available
in a lubricating oil to neutralise acids.
Cylinder Lubrication
 To assist in providing a gas seal between the
piston rings and cylinder liner.
 To eliminate or minimize metal-to-metal contact
between piston rings, piston and liner.
 To act as a carrier fluid for the functional alkaline
additive systems, particularly that which
neutralizes the corrosive acids generated during
the combustion process.
 To provide a medium by which combustion
deposits can be transported away from the
piston ring pack to keep rings free in grooves.
 To minimize deposit build-up on all piston and
liner surfaces.
Forced lubrication
 In motorships the oil, after passing through main
and motion bearings and oil-cooled pistons, etc.,
is either retained in the bedplate or flows by
gravity to a sump tank.
 In either case, the oil pumps, which may be self-
priming, submerged centrifugal or rotary positive
displacement, draw the oil through magnetic
strainers and discharge to: filters - oil coolers -
engine lubricating and/or cooling manifolds.
 Lub oil can flow
from the main bearing to
the crank,
connecting rod,
crosshead,
crosshead guide shoes
and
crosshead guides.

sound
Forced lubrication
 There are branch pipes to the
separators and occasionally to the
settling tanks (blanked).
 Other branch pipes lead to the deck
filling lines (also blanked) so that the oil
can be discharged ashore.
 Before the lubricating oil is entered
into the system again, it must be
purified by the strainer in the drain tank.
cooler

filter

pump

strainer sound

2
Main Lubricating Oil System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil System