China Executive

• 1954 Constitution of China: Drafted by Committee

• 1975: Constitution of China: Secretly adopted by 4th
National People Congress
• 1978: Constitution of China: Created by Mao
• 1982: Constitution of China: Hua Guofeng

The Constitutions….
• Preamble and 138 Articles
• Panchsheel as principle of Independent Foreign policy
• Multinational Unitary Socialist State
• Party Chairman Referred as Secretary General of the Party
• Supremacy of Communist Party
• Power with people: Through National People’s Congress and Local
People’s Congress
• A socialist Democracy
• Special role of Liberation Army
• Rights and Duties
• Democratic Centralism
• Unicameral Legislature: National People’s Congress
• Faith in Marxist-Leninist-Maoist- Renewed Approach

1982 Constitution of
China

• President/Chairman/General
Sec- Post 1993 all same.
• The leader meets foreign
dignitaries and receives
ambassadors in his capacity as
President,
• Issues military directives as
Chairman of the Central
Military Commission,
• Upholds party rule through the
office of General Secretary.
• During the Mao era and also
since 2018, there were no term
limits attached to this office
• Prime Minister/ Leader of State
Council
• Head of the Government
• Highest Civil Service Rank in
China.
• The Premier has always been a
member of the powerful Politburo
Standing Committee of the
Communist Party of China.
• The current Premier is Li Keqiang,
who took office on 15 March
2013. He succeeded Wen Jiabao.
• Premier has 4 Vice-Premier under
his authority
Fifth Generation
Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang
• According to the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the President must
be a Chinese citizen with full electoral rights who has reached the age of 45.
• The President is elected by the National People's Congress (NPC), China's highest state
body, which also has the power to remove the President and other state officers from office.
Elections and removals are decided by a simple majority vote.
• According to the Organic Law of the NPC, the President is nominated by the
NPC Presidium, the Congress's executive organ. In practice, however, the ruling Communist
Party of China reserves the post of President for its current General Secretary. Like all
officers of state elected by the NPC, the President is elected from a one name ballot.
• In the event that the office of President falls vacant, the Vice-President succeeds to the
office. In the event that both offices fall vacant, the Chairman of the NPC Standing
Committee temporarily acts as President until the NPC can elect a new President and Vice-
President.
• Prior to March 2018, the President and Vice President were limited to two consecutive
terms. However these limits were removed at the 2018 National People's Congress.

Qualification
• Suggests PM to NPC
• Vice Premier, State Councilors, Ministers in Charge of
Ministry, Auditor General, Secretary General appointed by
President
• President removes them by NPC or Standing Committee
Recommendation
• President confers state medals and titles of honor
• Issues order of pardon
• Proclaim martial Law and state of war
• Ratifies treaties and recalls ambassadors
• Issues order of mobilisation
•

Powers of President
• The Premier is the highest administrative position in the Government of the People's
Republic of China.
• The Premier is responsible for organizing and administering the Chinese civil
bureaucracy. For example, the Premier is tasked with planning and implementing
national economic, social development and the state budget.
• Overseeing the various ministries, departments, commissions and statutory agencies
and announcing their candidacies to the National People's Congress for Vice-
Premiers, State Councillors and ministerial offices.
• The Premier's powers and responsibilities are codified into the constitution
• The Premier does not have command authority over the People's Liberation Army,
but the Premier is the head of the National Defense Mobilization Commission of
China and deputy head of the National Security Commission which are departments
of the armed forces.
• Since the 1980s, there has been a division of responsibilities between the Premier
and the General Secretary of the Communist Party wherein the Premier is
responsible for the technical details of implementing government policy while the
General Secretary gathers the political support necessary for government policy.

Powers of Premier