Celluar Respiration : How Cell

Harvest Chemical Energy

Dyke Gita Wirasisya, S.Farm., M.Sc., Apt
Program Studi Farmasi
Universitas Mataram
• Cellular respiration is
the way of cell to gain
energy in the form of
ATP by breakdown
the glucose.
• Others molecule (fatty
acid and amino acid)
can also be used as
carbon source

Big IDEA!
 • Respiration is a cumulative function of three metabolic
stages :
1. Glycolisis
2. Krebs Cycle = TCA Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron transport chain and
Chemiosmosis)

C6H12O6 6 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O ATP

Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water  Heat

dioxide
Substrat
in glycolisis
 • occurs in the cytoplasm,
• begins cellular respiration, and
• breaks down glucose into two molecules
of a three-carbon compound called
pyruvate.
• It also called EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-
Parnas) Pathways

GLYCOLISIS
ATP input and
output in
glycolisis
GLYCOLISIS : ENERGY
INVESTMENT
Figure 6.7Ca_s1
Glucose ENERGY
Steps 1 – 3 A fuel ATP INVESTMENT
molecule is energized, Step PHASE
using ATP. 1
ADP

P Glucose 6-phosphate

P Fructose 6-phosphate
ATP
3
ADP
Fructose
P P
1,6-bisphosphate
Figure 6.7Ca_s2
Glucose ENERGY
Steps 1 – 3 A fuel ATP INVESTMENT
molecule is energized, Step PHASE
using ATP. 1
ADP

P Glucose 6-phosphate

P Fructose 6-phosphate
ATP
3
ADP
Step 4 A six-carbon Fructose
intermediate splits P P
1,6-bisphosphate
into two three-carbon
4
intermediates.

Glyceraldehyde
P P
3-phosphate (G3P)
GLYCOLISIS : ENERGY PAYOFF
Figure 6.7Cb_s1 P P ENERGY
PAYOFF
PHASE
Step 5 NAD NAD
5 5
A redox reaction P P
NADH NADH
generates NADH.
H H
P P P P 1,3-Bisphospho-
glycerate
Figure 6.7Cb_s2 P P ENERGY
PAYOFF
PHASE
Step 5 NAD NAD
5 5
A redox reaction P P
NADH NADH
generates NADH.
H H
P P P P 1,3-Bisphospho-
ADP ADP glycerate
6 6
Steps 6 – 9
ATP and pyruvate ATP ATP
are produced.
P P 3-Phospho-
glycerate
7 7

P P

2-Phospho-
glycerate
8 H2O
8
H2O

P P

Phosphoenol-
ADP ADP pyruvate (PEP)
9 9
ATP ATP
Pyruvate
NET Energy regenerate in
Glycolisis
 • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-
British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out
much of this pathway in the 1930s),
• completes the oxidation of organic molecules, and
• generates many NADH and FADH2 molecules.

KREBS CYCLE
Overview
 NAD NADH H
2

CoA
Pyruvate 1 Acetyl coenzyme A
3
CO2
Coenzyme A

Pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl-

CoA (2 carbon compound)
Figure 6.9B_s1 Acetyl CoA CoA
CoA

2 carbons enter cycle

Oxaloacetate
1

Citric Acid Cycle

Step 1
Acetyl CoA stokes
the furnace.
Figure 6.9B_s2 Acetyl CoA CoA
CoA

2 carbons enter cycle

Oxaloacetate
1

Citrate
NAD

NADH H
2
Citric Acid Cycle
CO2 leaves cycle

Alpha-ketoglutarate

3
CO2 leaves cycle

NAD

ADP P NADH H

Step 1 Steps 2 – 3 ATP

Acetyl CoA stokes NADH, ATP, and CO2
the furnace. are generated during redox reactions.
Figure 6.9B_s3 Acetyl CoA CoA
CoA

2 carbons enter cycle

Oxaloacetate
1

Citrate
NADH H
NAD
5
NAD
NADH H
2
Citric Acid Cycle
Malate CO2 leaves cycle

FADH2 Alpha-ketoglutarate
4
3
FAD CO2 leaves cycle

NAD
Succinate
ADP P NADH H

Step 1 Steps 2 – 3 ATP Steps 4 – 5

Acetyl CoA stokes NADH, ATP, and CO2 Further redox reactions generate
the furnace. are generated during redox reactions. FADH2 and more NADH.
• Two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield
per glucose molecule is
• 2 ATP,
• 6 NADH, and
• 2 FADH2.
• Remember that the citric acid cycle processes two
molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose

NET Energy regenerate in

Krebs Cycle
 • It occure in mitochondria
• involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and
• requires an adequate supply of oxygen.

OXYDATIVE
PHOSPHORYLATION
ETC Complex
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Energy regenerate
TERIMAKASIH