Management is a Process

P O L C
Management is a Process
As a process, management involves four functions;
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
LEADING
CONTROLLING
They are interdependent, linked to each other to form a coherent set of
activities with a definite purpose.
The POLC Cycle
POLC are performed in sequence.
HOWEVER, these functions may
overlap in the cycle to hasten the
progress of activities.
Flexibility of process = easy
monitoring of activities and quick
problem solving during
implementation.
PLANNING
Planning is defined as the process of identifying the objectives of a
task, assignment, or cause and the corresponding activities to achieve
those objectives(Schermerhorn, 2011)
Planning simply means thinking ahead.
For a plan to be effective, one should have a workplan.
WORKPLAN – is a visual planning tool in a form of summary table
which contains a) the objectives b)the corresponding activities to
accomplish 3) the person responsible for doing the identified activities
4) the time frame to accomplish each activities and 5) the resources
needed.
WORKPLAN
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES PERSONS TIME RESOURCES
RESPONSIBLE FRAME REQUIRED
Objectives Something that Persons Time frame to The resources
refer to action is done as responsible for finish or needed;
plans that work or for a doing the accomplish People
involve shorter particular identified each of the Money
periods. purpose activities activities Materials
Someone who machine
is designated
for a particular
activity
ORGANIZING
Organizing is defined as gathering the resources required to carry out
the activities and allocating the effective and efficient use of those
resources.
Effectiveness and Efficiency accdg to Peter F. Drucker
Effectiveness means doing the right things, while efficiency means
doing things right.
Management Structure
• Management Structure/Organizational design identifies the essential
tasks and operations of the company, shows hierarchy of authority,
which entails the tasks or accountabilities in the organization.
LEADING
Leading is defined as a process which encompasses the following;
• Influencing other people to perform the way you wish them to;
• Directing other people to achieve the desired objectives;
• Coordinating the proper implementation of activities;
• Communicating effectively across various groups; and
• Motivating individuals to perform their best
CONTROLLING
Controlling is defined as monitoring and evaluation of activities
undertaken in relation to the stated objectives (Schermerhorn, 2011) It
involves
• Identifying the gap between plan and accomplishment
• Determining the main cause of problems
• Finding ways to correct those problems
• Preventing those problems from recurring;and
• Seeking new ways to improve how things will be done in the future
QUALITY CONTROL
This is a control method relies on the quality of products and services as a
basis for establishing performance standards, monitoring results, and
comparing results with the standard.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) – the operational
techniques and activities that are used to satisfy quality requirements.

ISO is an international standard-

setting body comprised of
representatives from national
standards organization of around
163 countries.
 Management uses
RESOURCES
People
Time Money
Materials Machines
Resources
• A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can
be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function
effectively. Resources are essential to achieve specified objectives.
Management aims to
achieve OBJECTIVES
S M A R T
The objectives must be:
• SPECIFIC – the objectives should be in a form of sufficient detail such
as in terms of quantity or quality.
• MEASURABLE – The objectives can be assessed and verified
• ATTAINABLE – The objectives can be achieved
• REALISTIC – The objectives can be accomplished given the current
and planned resources
• TIME-BOUND – The objectives can be accomplished within the
definite period of time.
Investment Perspective
Ethical Perspective
Corporate Social Responsibility -
is an organization’s responsibility
for the impacts of its decisions
and activities on society and the
environment.
Individual Fulfillment Perspective
Organization seeks to satisfy the
needs of employees and develop
their full capabilities.

Motivation = Satisfaction = GOAL

achievement