Discovering

Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World

See Page 73 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

1
for Detailed Objectives
Chapter 2
The Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Page 74 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2

Figure 2-1 Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share
information and work together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or
destroyed by a disaster

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Chapter 2
Host (Server )
• Any computer that provides services and
connections to other computers on a network.
Hosts often use high-speed communications to
transfer data and messages over a network.

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet
1986 NSF
connects NSF
net to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded

1984 1995 NSFnet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network

Pages 75 - 76 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2, not-for-profit research and
development project, connects more than 200
universities and 115 companies via a high-speed
private network
– Currently working on interactive high definition video
Page 76 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 6
Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service

Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)

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Evolution of Internet(self Reading )

• Cable Internet service provides high-speed

Internet access through the cable television
network via a cable modem.
• DSL (digital subscriber line) provides high-speed
Internet connections using regular copper
telephone lines.
• Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic
cable to provide high-speed Internet access to
home and business users.
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8
Chapter 2
Evolution of Internet(self Reading )

• Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet

connections using a dish-shaped antenna on your
or business to communicate with a tower location
via radio signals.
• A cellular radio network offers high-speed
Internet connections to devices with built-in
compatible technology or computers with
wireless modems.

9
Evolution of Internet(self Reading )

• A Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network uses radio

signals to provide high-speed Internet
connections to compatible or properly equipped
wireless computers and devices.
• Satellite Internet service provides high-speed
Internet connections via satellite to a satellite dish
that communicates with a satellite modem

10
Evolution of the Internet

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

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Figure 2-2 Chapter 2
How Data and Information Travel
the Internet
• Computers connected to the Internet work
together to transfer data and information around
the world using servers and clients and various
wired and wireless transmission media.

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 12

Chapter 2
How Data and Information Travel
the Internet

13
Internet Addresses

• The Internet relies on an addressing system much like the

postal service to send data and information to a
computer at a specific destination.
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD) eg com
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

Pages 79 – 80 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 14

Figure 2-4 Chapter 2
Domains

Page 80 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 15

Figure 2-5 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages), a service of internet
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items, static or dynamic
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer, and
saves websites

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Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages

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Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

Pages 82 - 83 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 18

Figure 2-7 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address

Pages 82 – 83 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 19

Figure 2-8 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window

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Figure 2-9 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 85 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 21
Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:
– Images
– Videos
– Audio
– News
– Maps
– People or Businesses
– Blogs
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The World Wide Web

• Search operators can help to refine your search

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Figure 2-13 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
– Portal
– News
– Informational
– Business
– Blog
– Wiki
– Online Social Network
– Education
– Entertainment
– Advocacy
– Web Application
– Content Aggregator (RSS specification)
– Personal
Pages 88 – 91 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 24
Figure 2-15 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

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Figure 2-16 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:
– Graphics
– Animation
– Audio
– Video
– Virtual Reality

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Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital representation of non text
information.
– such as a drawing, chart, or photo.
• Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF
• Format that compresses graphics to reduce their file
size, which means the file takes up less storage space.

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Figure 2-17 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 28

Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic. You

usually can click a thumbnail to display a larger image.

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Figure 2-19 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence

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The World Wide Web

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow

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Figure 2-20 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Video consists of full-motion images that are

played back at various speeds

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Figure 2-22 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space
– For Example Second Life Projects
• Using special VR software, a Web developer creates an
entire 3-D environment that contains infinite space and
depth, called a VR world. A VR world, for example, might
show a house for sale. Potential buyers walk through
rooms in the VR house by moving an input device
forward, backward, or to the side.
Pages 96 – 97 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 33
Figure 2-23 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser

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Figure 2-24 Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages
– Plan a Web site
– Analyze and design a Web site
– Create a Web site
– Deploy a Web site
– Maintain a Web site

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E-Commerce

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
– Business-to-consumer (B2C)
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
– Business-to-business (B2B)

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Business-to-consumer (B2C)

• Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists

of the sale of goods and services to the general
public.
• Business to consumer (B2C) refers to
the transactions conducted directly between a
company and consumers who are the end-users
of its products or services.

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 37

Chapter 2
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce is the

business model that facilitates commerce
between private individuals. Whether it's for
goods or services, this category of e-
commerce connects people to do business with
one another.

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 38

Chapter 2
Business-to-business (B2B)

• Most e-commerce, though, actually takes place

between businesses, which is called business-to-
business (B2B) e-commerce. Businesses often
provide goods and services to other businesses,
– For example, some MasterCard and Visa credit card companies
provide corporations with Web-based purchasing, tracking, and
transaction downloading capabilities.

39
Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the transmission of messages and

files via a computer network
• An e-mail program allows you to create,
send, receive, forward, store, print, and
delete e-mail messages

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Figure 2-26 Chapter 2
Other Internet Services

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name

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Figure 2-28 Chapter 2
Other Internet Services

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service

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Figure 2-29 Chapter 2
Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony

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Figure 2-31 Chapter 2
Other Internet Services

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

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Chapter 2