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Trait theory is an approach to studying personality that focuses on measuring traits, which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. Traits are relatively stable over time, differ between individuals, and influence behavior. Two prominent models of trait theory are Eysenck's three-factor model of neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism, and the Big Five model of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Trait theorists seek to identify and measure major dimensions of personality through statistical analysis such as factor analysis.
Trait theory is an approach to studying personality that focuses on measuring traits, which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. Traits are relatively stable over time, differ between individuals, and influence behavior. Two prominent models of trait theory are Eysenck's three-factor model of neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism, and the Big Five model of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Trait theorists seek to identify and measure major dimensions of personality through statistical analysis such as factor analysis.
Trait theory is an approach to studying personality that focuses on measuring traits, which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. Traits are relatively stable over time, differ between individuals, and influence behavior. Two prominent models of trait theory are Eysenck's three-factor model of neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism, and the Big Five model of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Trait theorists seek to identify and measure major dimensions of personality through statistical analysis such as factor analysis.
• Personality is defined as the set of habitual behaviors, cognitions and emotional
patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors.[1] While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on motivation and psychological interactions with ones environment. [2] Trait-based personality theories, such as those defined by Raymond Cattell define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior. On the other hand, more behaviorally based approaches define personality through learning and habits. Nevertheless, most theories view personality as relatively stable.[1] • The study of the psychology of personality, called personality psychology, attempts to explain the tendencies that underly differences in behavior. Many approaches have been taken to studying personality, including biological, cognitive, learning and trait based theories, as well as psychodynamic, and humanistic approaches. Personality psychology is also divided among the first theorists, with a few influential theories being posited by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Gordon Allport, Hans Eysenck, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. • The trait based approach has yielded multiple conceptions of personality, including a number of five factor models, Eysenck's traits, Cattel's traits and Cloninger's temperament and character traits.[1] TRAIT THEORY • In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.[1]According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), and influence behavior. Traits are in contrast to states which are more transitory dispositions. • In some theories and systems, traits are something a person either has or does not have, but in many others traits are dimensions such as extraversion vs. introversion, with each person rating somewhere along this spectrum. • Gordon Allport was an early pioneer in the study of traits, which he also referred to as dispositions. In his approach, "cardinal" traits are those that dominate and shape a person's behavior; their ruling passions/obsessions, such as a need for money, fame etc. By contrast, "central" traits such as honesty are characteristics found in some degree in every person - and finally "secondary" traits are those seen only in certain circumstances (such as particular likes or dislikes that a very close friend may know), which are included to provide a complete picture of human complexity. • Currently, two general approaches are the most popular[citation needed]: • Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, (EPQ) ("the three-factor model"). Using factor analysis Hans Eysenck suggested that personality is reducible to three major traits: neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism.[2][3] • Big Five personality traits, ("the five-factor model"). Many psychologists currently believe that five factors are sufficient: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.[4][5] • Personality in terms of identifiable patterns of behavior • Traits = stable characteristics • Allport = All of us posses different traits. Give a list of 4500 traits. 3 basic categories cardinal, central, secondary • Characteristics that affect the most of persons activity • Individual have subsets of the traits from a universal posibility of traits • central, secondary are Less dominate than cardinal • CATTELL= We all have 16 personality traits • they represent the basic dimensions of personality • EYSENCK = 3 major dimensions of personality but the degees we individually express them differ • EXTRAVERSION = degree of sociability • NEUROTCISIM = emotional stability • PSYCHOTICISM = the degree to which reality is distorted • BIG FIVE • OPENNESS= are you imaginative or practical, independent or conferming • CONscientiousness= organized or disorganized, careful or careless • EXTRAVERSION= talkative or quit fun loving or sober • AGREEABLENESS=kind or cold, appreciative or unfriendly • NEUROTICISM= r u stable or tense, secure or insecure • Factor analysis is statical method that categorise and determine the major categories of trait • Factor analysis reduces the no of variables and detect structure in the relationship between the variables ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING OF THE TERM "EDUCATION" • Education is a lifelong, continuous and multiple process which aim is all round development of the child. All round development means physical development, intellectual development, emotional development, cultural development, spiritual development, vocational development, aesthetic development, moral development, language development, social development, religious development, recreational development. We will discuss broadly about this definition of education later. Now we have to discuss an etymological meaning of the term 'EDUCATIN'. • Western educationists have discovered few Latin words through investigation. According to them, the English word 'Education' has been derived from Latin words "educare", "educere", "educatum", "E+duco", "educatu s", "educatio". • 1) 'Educate' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'educare'. The term 'educare' means 'to bring up', 'to rise', and 'to nourish'. The child has to bring up like a plant in the garden by the teacher. His potentialities should be developed with proper care and nourishment. • 2) 'Educere' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'educere'. The term 'educere' means 'to lead out', 'to draw out' and 'to bring from'. Each and every child has the innate powers. The innate powers of the child should be properly cared, given scope to develop. It should be located and proper education to be developed. • 3) 'Educatum' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'educatum'. The term 'educatum' means 'act of teaching' or 'training'. Education is something which is imposed from outside. It is external growth through activities and experience. The teacher, through education provides instructions and gives direction to mould his abilities. • 4) 'E+duco' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'E+duco,. The term 'E' means 'out of' and 'duco' means 'to lead,.The child has inherited potentialities. It is inborn. It should be developed, but how and by whom? It is possible through education and by the active co-operation of the teacher. • 5) 'Educatus' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'educatus'. The term 'educatus'means 'to bring up', 'rear', 'educate'. • 6) 'Educatio' - The term education has been derived from the Latin word 'educatio'. The term 'educatio' means 'a breeding', 'a bringing up', 'a rearing'. • The Greek words 'Pedagogy' is sometimes used for education.