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Reading: Chap. 12
Physical vs Chemical
Physical Adsorption (van der Waals adsorption):
weak bonding of gas molecules to the solid;
exothermic (~ 0.1 Kcal/mole);
reversible
Chemisorption:
chemical bonding by reaction;
exothermic (10 Kcal/mole);
irreversible
2019/6/17 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 2
Sorbent Materials
• Activated Carbon • Silica Gel
• Activated Alumina • Molecular Sieves (zeolite)
Polar and Non-polar adsorbents
http://www.activatedcarbonindia.com/activated_carbon.htm
Properties of Activated Carbon
Bulk Density 22-34 lb/ft3
Heat Capacity 0.27-0.36 BTU/lboF
Pore Volume 0.56-1.20 cm3/g
Surface Area 600-1600 m2/g
Average Pore Diameter 15-25 Å
Regeneration Temperature 100-140 oC
(Steaming)
Maximum Allowable 150 oC
Temperature
Q: If an activated carbon granule is a solid particle with
1 mm diameter, what is the specific surface area (r = 0.7 g/cm3)?
Air Pollution Engineering Manual., 1992
2019/6/17 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 3
Properties of Silica Gel
Bulk Density 44-56 lb/ft3
Heat Capacity 0.22-0.26
BTU/lboF
Pore Volume 0.37 cm3/g
Surface Area 750 m2/g
Average Pore Diameter 22 Å
Regeneration Temperature 120-250 oC Q: What if it is heated
Maximum Allowable Temperature 400 oC over 250 oC?
heating
hydrophilic hydrophobic
k1 p p 1 k2
m p
k2 p 1 m k1 k1
( p: partial pressure of the adsorbate)
Q: Low P? High P?
p
2019/6/17 Aerosol & Particulate Research Lab 8
Freundlich Isotherm
m k pn
Q: Benefits?
Pg 3d p r g 150(1 ) g
1.75
D(1 )G' 2
d pG'
P: pressure drop (lb/ft2)
D: bed depth (ft)
: void fraction
G’: gas mass flux (lb/ft2-hr)
g: gas viscosity (lb/ft-hr)
dp: carbon particle diameter (ft)
V
1.56 P: bed pressure drop, in H2O
P 0.37 D V: gas velocity, ~60-140 ft/min
100 D: bed depth, ~5-50 inches
dp: 4X6 mesh sized carbon
Canister adsorber
Thin-bed adsorber
4.50
4.00 IV Allowable bed depth 8
inH2O / DP in Column II
3.50
3.00 V Required bed depth
Carbon volume (143 ft3) /
2.50 area in Column III
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110