BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Suparto
 Theguidelines for out-of-hospital, single
rescuer, adult basic life support (BLS).

 Basiclife support implies that no equipment

is employed other than a protective device.
Who Should Be Resuscitated?
The purpose is
 To reverse sudden, unexpected death resulting
from reversible disease processes
 May not be indicated for all critically ill patients
4 mins from arrest = good outcome

7 mins of anoxia = irreversible brain damage

Ventilation is essential for successful resuscitation

ANGKA KESELAMATAN ?
2010
RESUSCITATION GUIDELINES 2010
1) Make a diagnosis of cardiac arrest if a
victim is unresponsive and not breathing
normally.

2) Teach rescuers to place their hands in the

centre of the chest, rather than to spend
more time using the ‘rib margin’ method.

3) Give each rescue breath over 1 sec rather

than 2 sec.
4) Use a ratio of compressions to
ventilations of 30:2 for all adult victims of
sudden cardiac arrest. Use this same ratio
for children when attended by a lay
rescuer.

5) For an adult victim, omit the initial 2

rescue breaths and give 30 compressions
immediately after cardiac arrest is
established.
4 METRICS OF CPR
 Adequate rate
 Adequate depth

 Allowing full chest recoil after each compression

 Minimizing interuptions in compression

COMPRESSION
 Chest Compressions
 Sternum must be depressed
3.5 to 5 cm (1½ - 2 inc) in
the average adult
 Cycle of 30 compressions
followed by 2 slow breaths
AIRWAY
 “Head tilt-chin lift”, “jaw thrust”
 Oral airway

 Intubation is indicated in any resuscitation lasting more

than a few min, but it should not be performed until
adequate ventilation and chest compressions have been
established
BREATHING (VENTILATION)
 Mouth to mouth or
mouth to nose 
effective method
immediately available
( ~4% CO2, ~17% O2
composition of exhaled
air)
 1 blow = 1 sec
 JIKA KORBAN MULAI
BERNAFAS NORMAL LAGI,
TEMPATKAN DALAM POSISI
“RECOVERY”

14
SUMMARY OF BLS MANUVERS
Component Recommendation
Adults Children Infants
Recognition Unresponsive (for all ages)
No breathing or no normal breathing
(gasping)
No pulse palpated within 10 seconds
CPR C-A-B
Sequence
Compression At least 100/min
Rate
Compression 2 Inches (5cm) 2 Inches (5cm) 1 ½ inches
Depth (4cm)
Chest wall Allow complete recoil between compressions
Recoil
Compression Minimize to < 10 seconds
interruption
 Airway Head tilt – Chin lift, Jaw thrust
Ratio 30:2 30:2 single rescuer
compression : 1 or 2 15:2, 2 rescuers
Ventilation rescuers
(Until
advanced
airway placed)
Ventilation 1 breath every 6-8 seconds (8-10 breaths/min)
with
advanced
airway
Defibrillation Attach and use AED, minimize interruptions
in chest compression before and after shock
Resume CPR beginning with compressions
immediately after each shock