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CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL

NEEDS
N.M.M.SAFEEK
D E P A R T M E N T O F E D U C A T I O N P S Y C H O L O G Y,
F A C U LT Y O F E D U C A T I O N ,
UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Will interpret the Children with Special needs
• Will describe the importance of SN
• Will identify The most common causes of disability
• Will identify the characteristics of Children with
Special needs
• Will apply the Special Education
• Will explain the inclusive education
WHO ARE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS?

• A child with disability, namely, visual, hearing, loco


motor, and intellectual”
(DPEP, 2001)

• Disability is an evolving concept and “results from


the interaction between persons with
impairments and attitudinal and environmental
barriers that hinders their full and effective
participation in society on an equal basis with
others”
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
“…those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments which, in
interaction with various barriers, may hinder their
full and effective participation in society on an
equal basis with others”
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN, 2006)

Disability is an “umbrella term for impairments,


activity limitations or participation restrictions”
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health (ICF),
• Children with Special Needs: the educational
requirements of pupils or students suffering from any
of a wide range of physical disabilities, medical
conditions, intellectual difficulties, or emotional
problems, including deafness, blindness, dyslexia,
learning difficulties, and behavioural problems.
Special education
• Special education is a form of instruction that's designed to
meet the needs of students with disabilities, so that they can
learn the same skills and information as other children in
school.

• Special Needs Education (SNE) means educational intervention


and support designed to address SEN. • In broad perspective–
includes socially disadvantaged groups also.
International Standard Classification of Education (UNESCO, 1997),

Exceptional children differ from the norm (either below or


above) to such an extent that they require an individualized
program of special education
Global statistics about people with disabilities

• Approximately 10% of the world’ s population lives


with a disability.
• An estimated 80% of people with disabilities live in
developing countries.
• An estimated 15-20% of the world’ s poorest people
are disabled.
• No rehabilitation services are available to people with
disabilities in developing countries.
• Only 5-15% of people with disabilities can access
assistive devices in the developing world.
• Children with disabilities are much less likely to attend
school than others.
• People with disabilities tend to experience higher
The most common causes of disability
• Chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular
disease and cancer);
• Injuries (e.g. due to road traffic accidents, conflicts,
falls and landmines);
• Mental health problems;
• Birth defects;
• Malnutrition; and
• HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIAL
NEEDS disabilities
Learning
• Do not read well,
• Mistakes in spelling,
• Numbers wrong,
• Untidy and late in submitting assignments,
• Poor performance in examination,
• Excited, Reads individual letters in words and
difficulty in text
• Poor academic achievement
Communication disorders

• Observable deformity in ear(s),


• Frequent discharge from the ear(s),
• Complain of pain in ears frequently,
• Scratches ear(s) frequently,
• Turns head on one side to hear better,
• Makes many errors in taking dictation,
• Displays speech difficulty
Emotional and behavioral disorders (such as
ADHD)
• Forgets,
• Inattentive and distracted,
• Seeks immediate reward,
• Fear of failure,
• Poor self-image,
• Lacks self-confidence
• Restricted communication,
• Poor muscular coordination,
• Difficulty in doing things for himself,
• Problem in following,
Physical disabilities

• Deformity in neck, hand, fingers, waist, legs.


• Difficulty in sitting, standing, walking.
• Difficulty in picking up, holding objects,
• Putting them at the appropriate place.
• Frequently complains of pain in joints
• Difficulty in holding the pen to write
• Walks with jerks
• Involuntary movements of limbs
• Amputated limbs.
Developmental disabilities
• Mental or physical impairment that arise before
adulthood
• Difficulties in certain of life – Language, mobility,
learning, self help, and independent living
Autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability

Intellectual disability – Mental retardation- IQ below 70

Cerebral palsy (CP) –Unbalanced movement

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder – mother drank alcohol


Gifted and Talented characteristics

• Curiosity,
• Large vocabulary,
• Special memory,
• High energy level,
• Dislike of rigid time table
• Good problem solving ability,
• High ability for abstract and symbolic thinking,
• Requires fewer repetitions and limited exposure to
learn,
What Is Special Education?
Specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, to
meet the unique needs of a child with a disability.

1. Special education as intervention


• Preventive: Designed to keep minor problems
from becoming a disability
• Remedial: Attempt to eliminate the effects of a
disability
• Compensatory: Enable successful functioning in
spite of the disability
What Is Special Education?

2. Special education as instruction


• Individually planned
• Specialized
• Intensive
• Goal-directed
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
• What is Inclusion ? • Inclusive means all castes, religions, races,
gender, abilities learning and working together. • Schools and
communities which welcome all children and adults – A Process
– A Journey – Responsibility of all – Building a community
• Inclusive education implies all young learners, young people-
with or without disabilities being able to learn together through
access to common pre-schools and schools with an appropriate
network of support services.
• Inclusion means not only disabled children but also other
children in our context amongst the poorer segments of society
who face barriers to learning.
The girl child / The socially and economically disadvantaged
child / The child with disabilities Shift in Ideology
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சசதசரண அலலத சரசசரரயசன பரளளளகளள வரட வவறபடட இயலபகளளக
ககசணடரககம பரளளளகளளவய நசம வரவசட கலவரத வதளவகள ககசணட
பரளளளகள.

பலவவற கசரணஙகளரனசல சசதசரண பசடசசளலகளரல தமத மழளமயசன


வரரததரளய அளடய மடயசத இடரபடகரனற பரளளளகளககசன கலவர
எனபளதவய வரவசட வதளவகள சசர கலவர எனம கசசறகறசடர கறரபபரடகரறத

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