VETERINARY VACCINES

Human Vs Veterinary Vaccines

 The criteria for successful animal or

veterinary vaccines can be very different from
those for human vaccines depending on the
animal groups under consideration.

 For example, criteria for companion animal

vaccines are similar to those for human
vaccines in that the health and welfare of the
individual animal are primary concerns.
The main objective of livestock vaccines, on the
other hand, is to improve overall production for the
primary producers, and the cost-benefit resulting
from vaccination is the bottom line for this
industry.

Vaccination against zoonotic or food-borne

infections is aimed at reducing or eliminating the
risk for the consumer and in some cases to improve
the productivity of the individual animal.

Vaccination of wildlife is generally considered only

with respect to infections that are transmittable to
humans (zoonotic diseases), although welfare
concerns are of increasing importance.
Veterinary vaccines comprise only
approximately 23% of the global market for
animal health products.

The sector has grown consistently due mainly

to new technological advances in vaccine
development, the continuous development of
drug resistance by pathogens, and the
emergence of new diseases.
Apart from improving animal health and
productivity, veterinary vaccines have a
significant impact on public health through
reductions in the use of veterinary
pharmaceuticals and hormones and their
residues in the human food chain.
Advantages & Disadvantages

The potential returns for animal vaccine

producers are much less than those for
human vaccines, with lower sales prices and
smaller market sizes, resulting in a much
lower investment in research and
development in the animal vaccine area than
in the human vaccine area, although the
complexity and range of hosts and
pathogens are greater.
Veterinary vaccine development generally has less
stringent regulatory and preclinical trial requirements,
which can make up the largest cost in human vaccine
development.

A shorter time to market launch and return on

investment in research and development.

In contrast to human vaccine development, veterinary

scientists are also able to immediately perform research
in the relevant target species.

This is an obvious advantage over human vaccine

development, as experimental infections, dose-response
studies, and challenge inoculations need not be carried
out in less relevant rodent models.
While the ideal vaccine should be safe as well as
effective, the emphasis tends to be differentially
placed if the vaccine is produced for food animals as
compared to pet, or companion, animals.

Untoward effects are more acceptable in food animals

as long as the vaccine gives good herd or flock
protection.

While untoward effects are far less acceptable in pet

animals where the focus is on the health of the
individual animal.

This can lead to licensing of vaccines that have little

efficacy in the latter group as long as they cause no
harm.
Background and overview

the first veterinary vaccine, Pasteur’s

preparation to immunize chickens against
fowl cholera

http://www.pdf4me.net/pdf-data/history-of-
veterinary-vaccine.php