TEXT TYPES

BY : AMARA
LAURA
DEVIRA
LAREINE
 RECOUNT

• SOCIAL FUNCTION : TO TELL THE READERS WHAT HAPPENED IN THE PAS THROUGH A
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
• GENERIC STRUCTURE :
• 1. ORIENTATION : INTRODUCING THE PARTICIPANTS , PLACE AND TIME
• 2. EVENTS : DESCRIBING SERIES OF EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST
• 3. RERORIENTATION : CLOSURE OF THE EVENTS. STATING PERSONAL COMMENT OF THW
WRITER TO THE STORY (OPTIONAL)
 THE ISLAND OF GODS
• ORIENTATION :
LAST AUGUST, I WENT TO BALI ISLAND WITH MY FAMILY. I WAS SO EXCITED BECAUSE
IT WAS MY FIRST TIME TO VISIT BALI ISLAND. WE SPENT FIVE DAYS THERE. THE FIRST
THING WHICH CAME TO MY MIND AT THE FIRST TIME I ARRIVED AT NGURAH RAI
AIRPORT WAS BEACH. WHEN I STEPPED OUT FROM THE PLANE AND BREATHED, I
SNIFFED THE SMELL OF SEA WATER. IT MADE ME MORE EXCITED TO START OUR TRIP IN
BALI.
• EVENTS : DESCRIBING SERIES OF EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST
• EVENT 1: VISITED TANAH LOT, ULUWATU, KUTA BEACH, AND TANJUNG BENOA
MY FAMILY AND I VISITED MANY INTERESTING PLACES IN BALI. WE WENT TO TANAH
LOT, ULUWATU, KUTA BEACH, AND TANJUNG BENOA. EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE SO
MANY BEACHES IN BALI, I WAS NOT BORED WITH THEM BECAUSE EACH BEACH WAS
UNIQUE. TANAH LOT IS A ROCKY BEACH WITH WILD WAVES. IT HAS BIG CAVES AND
ROCKS SURROUND THE BEACH. ULUWATU LIES ON THE TOP OF CLIFF. FROM THAT
PLACE WE COULD SEE THE SEA VIEW WHICH WAS THE MOST GORGEOUS SCENERY I
HAVE EVER SEEN. KUTA BEACH IS MAYBE THE MOST FAMOUS BEACH IN BALI. THERE
WERE BOTH LOCAL AND FOREIGN TOURISTS SURFING OR JUST SUN BATHING. THE
BEST TIME TO COME TO KUTA BEACH IS IN THE EVENING TO SEE THE SUN SET. IT WAS
SO ROMANTIC. TANJUNG BENOA IS A VERY NICE BEACH. THE WIND AND WAVES
WERE JUST RIGHT TO DO WATER SPORT. I DID NOT WANT TO MISS THIS CHANCE
AND TRIED TO DO PARASAILING. AT FIRST, I WAS SO AFRAID BECAUSE I WOULD BE
FLYING HIGH. IT TURNED OUT THAT WHEN I WAS ‘FLYING’, I ENJOYED IT VERY MUCH. I
COULD SEE THE VIEW OF THE CITY FROM THE SKY.
• Event 2: Observed the Balinese culture through Balinese daily
activities and watched Balinese dances.
Beside the beaches, Bali Island is also famous for its culture. I could see it
from the Balinese’s life. Along the road I saw that almost all buildings
have small pura at the front side. Every morning, they always pray and
put sajen, or offerings, at their pura, house, shop, or even in their car. I
also saw the abundance of Balinese culture through the well known
dances of Bali, Barong and Kecak. Barong Dance tells about a fight
between good and evil, between Barong and Rangda.. At the end,
Barong won, and Rangda ran away. I was amazed by the female
dancers. They were so beautiful and their movements were supple, yet
energetic at the same time. In the evening, I watched Kecak Dance. The
story in Kecak Dance is taken from Ramayana. I had the impression that
Kecak Dance was mystical but also astonishing at the same time.
• Event 3: Shopped in Sukawati Market
At the end of the trip, we went to Sukawati Market to buy souvenirs for
ourselves and friends. You could find almost anything about Bali in
Sukawati Market. I found a cute dress for myself, wooden craft statue,
sandals, hair accessories, and paintings. What make this market special
are the friendly sellers and friendly price. The goods are so cheap if
you know how to bargain.
• REORIENTATION :
FINALLY, WE HAVE COME TO THE END OF MY TRIP IN BALI. I FELT THAT TIME RUN SO FAST. I
WAS SO SAD BECAUSE I HAD TO LEAVE THAT BEAUTIFUL PLACE. IN BALI, I DID NOT ONLY VISIT
BEAUTIFUL PLACES BUT I ALSO LEARNED ABOUT ITS CULTURE. I WOULD ALWAYS REMEMBER MY
BEAUTIFUL TRIP IN BALI AND PROMISED MYSELF TO GO BACK THERE AGAIN ANOTHER TIME.
 REPORT

• SOCIAL FUNCTION : TO PRESENT INFORMATION ABOUT SOMETHING GENERALLY. IT GENERALLY

DESCRIBES THE WAY THINGS ARE WITH REFERENCE TO ARRANGE OF NATURAL, MANMADE AND
SOCIAL PHENOMENON IN OUR ENVIRONMENT, SUCH AS: MAMMALS, THE PLANETS, ROCKS,
PLANTS, COUNTRIES OF REGION, CULTURES, TRANSPORTATIONS, AND SO ON .
• GENERIC STRUCTURE :
1. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: STATING CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL ASPECT OF THING; ANIMAL,
PUBLIC PLACE, PLANT, ETC WHICH WILL BE DISCUSSED IN GENERAL
2. DESCRIPTION: DESCRIBING THE THING WHICH WILL BE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL; PART PER PART ,
CUSTOMS OR DEED FOR LIVING CREATURE AND USAGE FOR MATERIALS
• GENERAL CLASSIFICATION :
CATS ALSO CALLED THE DOMESTIC CAT OR HOUSE CAT (WITH ITS SCIENTIFIC NAME: FELIS SILVESTRIS CATUS OR FELIS CATUS) IS A TYPE
OF CARNIVOROUS MAMMAL OF THE FAMILY FELIDAE. THE WORD "CAT" GENERALLY REFERS TO A "CAT" THAT HAS BEEN TAMED, BUT CAN
ALSO REFER TO THE "BIG CATS" SUCH AS LIONS AND TIGERS
• DESCRIPTION:
CATS ARE CONSIDERED AS "PERFECT CARNIVORE" WITH TEETH AND PARTICULAR DIGESTIVE TRACT. THE FIRST PREMOLAR AND MOLAR
TEETH FORM A PAIR OF FANGS ON EACH SIDE OF THE MOUTH THAT WORKS EFFECTIVELY AS A PAIR OF SCISSORS TO TEAR THE MEAT.
ALTHOUGH THESE FEATURES ALSO EXIST IN THE CANIDAE OR DOG, BUT THESE TRAITS ARE BETTER DEVELOPED IN CATS. UNLIKE OTHER
CARNIVORES, CATS EAT ALMOST NON VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE. BEARS AND DOGS SOMETIMES EAT BERRIES, ROOTS, OR HONEY AS A
SUPPLEMENT, WHILE CATS ONLY EAT MEAT, USUALLY FRESHLY KILLED PREY. IN CAPTIVITY, CATS CAN NOT ADAPT TO A VEGETARIAN DIET
BECAUSE THEY CAN NOT SYNTHESIZE ALL THE AMINO ACIDS THEY NEED FROM PLANT MATERIAL; IT IS IN CONTRAST WITH
DOMESTICATED DOGS, WHICH COMMONLY ARE FED A MIXTURE OF MEAT AND VEGETABLES AND SOMETIMES IT CAN ADAPT TO A
COMPLETELY VEGETARIAN MEAL.
• CATS HAVE MINGLED WITH HUMAN LIFE SINCE AT LEAST 6000 BC, FROM THE SKELETON OF THE CAT FOUND ON THE ISLAND OF
CYPRUS. THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS OF 3500 BC HAVE USED CATS TO KEEP AWAY THE RATS OR OTHER RODENTS FROM THE BARN
WHERE THE CROPS WERE SAVED.CURRENTLY, THE CAT IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR PET IN THE WORLD. CATS THAT HIS LINES ARE
RECORDED OFFICIALLY AS A CAT BREEDS OR PURE BREED ARE PERSIAN, SIAMESE, MANX, AND THE SPHINX. THESE KINDS OF CAT ARE
USUALLY B
• RED IN OFFICIAL CAPTIVITY ANIMAL. THE NUMBER OF PUREBRED CAT IS ONLY 1% OF ALL CATS IN THE WORLD; THE REST IS A CAT
WITH MIXED ANCESTRY SUCH AS WILD CATS OR DOMESTIC CATS.
 DISCUSSION

• SOCIAL FUNCTION : TO PRESENT DIFFERENT OPINIONS ON A PARTICULAR ISSUE OR TOPIC I.E.

ARGUMENTS FOR IDEAS AGAINST BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE OR BETWEEN GOOD AND
BAD.
• GENERIC STRUCTURE :
1. ISSUE : STATING THE ISSUE WHICH IS TO DISCUSSED
– ARGUMENT PRO : PRESENTING THE POINT IN IN SUPPORTING THE PRESENTED ISSUE
– ARGUMENT CONS : PRESENTING OTHER POINTS WHICH DISAGREE TO THE SUPPORTING POINT
– CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATION : STATING THE WRITER’ RECOMMENDATION OF THE
DISCOURSE
• ISSUE :
NATIONAL EXAM BECOMES THE HOT TOPIC IN MOST OF DISCUSSIONS AMONG STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND PARENTS. SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE
THAT NATIONAL EXAM IS NOT NECESSARY FOR STUDENTS AS A REQUIREMENT TO BE ABLE GRADUATE FROM A SCHOOL. IN OTHER HAND,
OTHER PEOPLE SEE NATIONAL EXAM AS AN IMPORTANT INDICATOR TO KNOW WHETHER STUDENTS HAVE MASTERED ALL SCHOOL MATERIALS
OR NOT. THE DEBATE AMONG SOCIETY ABOUT NATIONAL EXAMINATION GOES ON UNTIL NOW.
• ARGUMENT PRO :
FOR PEOPLE WHO AGREE, NATIONAL EXAM IS NECESSARY FOR STUDENTS AS A REQUIREMENT TO GRADUATE FROM A SCHOOL. PEOPLE WHO
SUPPORT THE NATIONAL EXAM EXPLAIN THAT THE QUALITY OF THE INDONESIA EDUCATION WILL DROP WITHOUT THE NATIONAL EXAM, SO
THEY TRY TO DEFEND THE CURRENT SYSTEM. THEY ALSO THINK THAT NATIONAL EXAMINATION CAN MOTIVATE STUDENTS TO STUDY HARDER.
• ARGUMENT CONS :
HOWEVER THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO DISAGREE WITH THE OPINION. THOSE WHO AGAINST THIS NATIONAL EXAM KEPT IN SCHOOL
EDUCATION SAY THAT IT DOESN’T NEED THE NATIONAL EXAMS BECAUSE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION DOES NOT JUST DEPEND ON THE
NATIONAL EXAM. FURTHER, THE NATIONAL EXAM ONLY MEASURES A SMALL PORTION OF STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE IN SPECIFIC SUBJECTS, AND
DOES NOT MEASURE STUDENTS’ COMPETENCES THROUGHOUT THE SEMESTER.
• CLONCLOUINN:
IN CONCLUSION, NATIONAL EXAMINATION CAN STILL BE USEFUL AS AN INSTRUMENT TO EVALUATE OR DETECT THE LEVEL OF STUDENTS’
COGNITIVE COMPETENCE IN SEVERAL SUBJECTS, ON A NATIONAL SCALE. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT FAIR IF ONLY NATIONAL EXAM SCORE THAT
JUDGE WHETHER STUDENTS PASS OR NOT. GOVERNMENT SHOULD MAKE A REGULATION THAT NATIONAL EXAM IS NOT THE ONLY
REQUIREMENT FOR STUDENTS TO GRADUATE. THERE SHOULD BE OTHER REQUIREMENTS ADDED SUCH AS STUDENTS’ DAILY SCORE, BEHAVIOR,
AND ACHIEVEMENT.
 EXPLANATION

• SOCIAL FUNCTION: TELLS PROCESSES RELATING TO FORMING OF NATURAL, SOCIAL,

SCIENTIFIC, AND CULTURAL PHENOMENA AND TO EXPLAIN HOW OR WHY SOMETHING HAPPENS

• GENERIC STRUCTURE: GENERAL STATEMENT; STATING THE PHENOMENON ISSUES WHICH ARE
TO BE EXPLAINED SEQUENCED EXPLANATION; STATING A SERIES OF STEPS WHICH EXPLAIN THE
PHENOMENA.
 HOW A CANCER IS FORMED
WHAT IS CANCER? IT IS ACTUALLY A GROUP OF MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED SEPARATE DISEASES. MOST OF US ARE FEAR
FROM CANCER IT IS REASONABLE BECAUSE NEXT TO HEART DISEASE, CANCER IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH.

CANCER CELLS COME FROM NORMAL CELLS BECAUSE OF MUTATIONS OF DNA. THOSE MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR
SPONTANEOUSLY. THE MUTATIONS MAY BE ALSO INDUCED BY OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS: NUCLEAR AND
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, VIRUSES, BACTERIA AND FUNGI, PARASITES, HEAT, CHEMICALS IN THE AIR, WATER AND
FOOD, MECHANICAL CELL-LEVEL INJURY, FREE RADICALS, EVOLUTION AND AGEING OF DNA, ETC. ALL SUCH FACTORS CAN
PRODUCE MUTATIONS THAT MAY START CANCER.

CANCER CELLS ARE FORMED CONTINUOUSLY IN THE ORGANISM. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THERE ARE ABOUT 10,000 CANCER
CELLS AT ANY GIVEN TIME IN A HEALTHY PERSON. WHY DO SOME RESULT IN MACROSCOPIC-LEVEL CANCERS AND SOME
DO NOT? FIRST, NOT ALL DAMAGED CELLS CAN MULTIPLY AND MANY OF THEM DIE QUICKLY. SECOND, THOSE WHICH
POTENTIALLY DIVIDE AND FORM CANCER ARE EFFECTIVELY DESTROYED BY THE MECHANISMS AVAILABLE TO THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM. THEREFORE CANCER DEVELOPS IF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS NOT WORKING PROPERLY OR THE AMOUNT OF CELLS
PRODUCED IS TOO GREAT FOR THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO ELIMINATE.
 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

• SOCIAL FUNCTION: TO PERSUADE THE READER THAT THE IDEA IS IMPORTANT MATTER,
AND TO ANALYZE THE TOPIC THAT THE THESIS/OPINION IS CORRECT BY DEVELOPING AN
ARGUMENT TO SUPPORT IT.
• GENERIC STRUCTURE: THESIS, ARGUMENT, REITERATION
 IS SMOKING GOOD FOR US?
BEFORE WE ARE GOING TO SMOKE, IT IS BETTER TO LOOK AT THE FACT. ABOUT 50 THOUSANDS PEOPLE DIE EVERY YEAR
IN BRITAIN AS DIRECT RESULT OF SMOKING. THIS IS SEVEN TIMES AS MANY AS DIE IN ROAD ACCIDENTS. NEARLY A
QUARTER OF SMOKERS DIE BECAUSE OF DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING.

NINETY PERCENT OF LUNG CANCERS ARE CAUSED BY SMOKING. IF WE SMOKE FIVE CIGARETTES A DAY, WE ARE SIX TIMES
MORE LIKELY TO DIE OF LUNG CANCER THAN A NON SMOKER. IF WE SMOKE TWENTY CIGARETTES A DAY, THE RISK IS
NINETEEN GREATER. NINETY FIVE PERCENT OF PEOPLE WHO SUFFER OF BRONCHITIS ARE PEOPLE WHO ARE SMOKING.
SMOKERS ARE TWO AND HALF TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DIE OF HEART DISEASE THAN NON SMOKERS.
ADDITIONALLY, CHILDREN OF SMOKER ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP BRONCHITIS AND PNEUMONIA. IN ONE HOUR IN
SMOKY ROOM, NON SMOKER BREATHES AS MUCH AS SUBSTANCE CAUSING CANCER AS IF HE HAD SMOKED FIFTEEN
CIGARETTES.

SMOKING IS REALLY GOOD FOR TOBACCO COMPANIES BECAUSE THEY DO MAKE MUCH MONEY FROM SMOKING HABIT.
SMOKING HOWEVER IS NOT GOOD FOR EVERY BODY ELSE.
 HORTATORY EXPOSITION

• SOCIAL FUNCTION: A TEXT WHICH REPRESENTS THE ATTEMPT OF THE WRITER TO HAVE THE
ADDRESSEE DO SOMETHING OR ACT IN CERTAIN WAY. USED TO PERSUADE THE READER OR LISTENER
THAT SOMETHING SHOULD PR SHOULD NOT BE THE CASE
• GENERIC STRUCTURE: THESIS, ARGUMENTS, RECOMMENDATION
 TOURISM BENEFIT ON LOCAL PEOPLE
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF TOURISM FOR LOCAL PEOPLE? WELL, TOURISM IS NOW A HUGE CONTRIBUTOR TO THE ECONOMIES OF
MOST COUNTRIES. TOURISM INDUSTRIES CAN BRING MONEY, JOB VACANCY AND ADVANCEMENT ESPECIALLY TO DEVELOPING
REGIONS. HOWEVER, THIS MONEY OFTEN GOES INTO THE POCKETS OF FOREIGN INVESTORS, AND ONLY RARELY BENEFITS FOR
LOCAL PEOPLE.
TOURISM INDUSTRIES WILL NOT GIVE MUCH BENEFIT FOR LOCAL PEOPLE IF, FOR EXAMPLE, MULTINATIONAL HOTEL CHAINS DON’T
CARE ABOUT THE SURROUNDING NATURE WHEN THEY BUILD NEW HOTELS. THIS CAN CAUSE MANY SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS. SOME LOCAL PEOPLE MAY GET JOB AND MONEY FROM THAT INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAIN.
HOWEVER IN CASE OF MISSING THAT OPPORTUNITY, SOME OF THEM STILL HAVE THEIR OWN ENVIRONMENT.
MOREOVER, SOME FACTS SHOW THAT TOURISTS TEND TO GO, VISIT AND SPEND THEIR MONEY IN RESTAURANTS, BARS AND
EVEN LUXURY HOTELS OF THAT MULTINATIONAL CHAINS. THEY LESS GO TO SUCH PLACES; RESTAURANT, BAR, HOTEL, SHOP
WHICH ARE OWNED BY LOCAL PEOPLE. THIS CAN PREVENT THE LOCAL PEOPLE’S BUSINESS FROM BECOMING EVEN LARGER.
MOST IMPORTANT THING, TOURS OR EXCURSIONS OF TOURISM HAVE LITTLE EFFECT ON NATURE. EVEN IT CAN DISRUPT OR
DESTROY ECOSYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTS, AND IF IT DOES, THE LOCAL PEOPLE WILL GET THE RISK.
SO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES SHOULD BE PUT IN PLACE TO ENSURE THAT TOURISM WILL MAKE THE BENEFIT SPREADING
WIDELY. THE POLICIES SHOULD GUARANTEE THAT TOURISM WILL NOT CAUSE ANY HARM TO ANY LOCAL PEOPLE OR PLACES.
 NEWS ITEM
SOCIAL FUNCTION:
• TO INFORM THE READERS ABOUT NEWSWORTHY OR IMPORTANT EVENTS OF
THE DAY
GENERIC STRUCTURE
• MAIN EVENTS / NEWSWORTHY EVENT(S)
• IT RECOUNT THE EVENTS IN A SUMMARY FORM

• ELABORATION / BACKGROUND EVENT(S)

• IT TELLS / ELABORATE THE BACKGROUND, WHO WAS INVOLVED, THE LOCATION
AND CIRCUMTANCES OF THE EVENTS

• RESOURCE OF INFORMATION (SOURCE)

• CONTAINS THE PARTICIPANTS, WITNESSES, AND AUTHORITIES ON THE EVENT
Traffic to be rerouted during Saudi king’s visit
Jakarta (JP) – Jakarta commuters should be prepared for even worse traffic
congestion in some areas of the city over the next three days.
Road users, particularly those traveling on arterial roads in Kuningan and Senayan,
are advised to seek alternative routes as a result of the state visit of Saudi Arabia’s
King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud to the capital from Wednesday to Friday as part
of his month-long tour of Asian countries.
Jakarta Police spokesman Sr. Comr. Raden Prabowo Argo Yuwono told The Jakarta
Post on Tuesday that the 81-year-old king and his entourage will visit the State Palace
in Bogor, West Java. “Routes to be used by the entourage will be sterilized when they
pass,” Argo said.
Separately, toll road operator PT Jasa Marga said that it would close access to the
Jagorawi toll road from Bogor on Wednesday from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. to clear
the road.
“Motorists who are going to Bogor are suggested to use alternative toll gates such as
Sentul Selatan and Ciawi,” the company said in a statement. (The Jakarta Post,
Jakarta | Wed, March 1, 2017 | 10:05 am)

Newsworthy events : Road diversion that caused by King Salman’s visit to the capital
and the State Palace in Bogor
Elaboration : Worse traffic congestion in some areas of the city
Sources : Comander Raden Prabowo Argo Yuwono, Jasa Marga, and the reporter of
Jakarta Post
 NARRATIVE TEXT
• SOCIAL FUNCTION:
• TO ENTERTAIN THE READERS WITH A STORY
• TO CONVEY MORAL VALUES WHICH IS USEFUL TO BUILD THE READERS
PERSONALITY

• GENERAL STRUCTURE
• ORIENTATION : THE OPENING PARAGRAPH WHERE THE CHARACTERS ARE
INTRODUCED AND INFORM THE TIME AND PLACE OF THE STORY
• COMPLICATION : THE PROBLEMS IN THE STORY DEVELOPED AND SHOWS THE
RISING CRISIS AND THE CLIMAX OF THE STORY :
• RESOLUTION : WAY THE CHARACTERS OF THE STORY SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
• CODA / REORIENTATION (OPTIONAL) : LESSON FROM THE STORY
True Friends

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together.
They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest. So they promised each
other that they would always be together in any case of danger.

Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby
tree at once. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree. So being
led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead
man.

The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left
the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures. After that, the friend on
the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, "Friend, what did the bear
whisper into your ears?" The other friend replied, "Just now the bear advised me not to believe
a false friend.”

Orientation : Two close friends walking through the forest and promised each other to be
always together in any case of danger
Complication : A large bear showed up and one of the best friends climbed up the tree,
leaving the other who didn’t know how to climb the tree
Resolution : The other lay down on the ground and pretended to be a dead man and realize
that his/her friend is not his/her true friends despite his/her action
Coda/ Reorientation : A true friend will always have each other’s back and not leaving each
other
 PROCEDURE TEXT
SOCIAL FUNCTION :
• TO EXPLAIN HOW SOMETHING WORKS (INSTRUCTION / OPERATION
MANUALS)
• INSTRUCT HOW TO DO A PARTICULAR ACTIVITY (RECIPES, RULES FOR GAMES)
• TEXTS THAT DEAL WITH HUMAN BEHAVIOUR TO ACHIEVE SOMETHING (HOW
TO LIVE HAPPILY)
GENERAL STRUCTURE :
• GOALS/AIM : THE PURPOSE OF THE TEXT
• MATERIAL/TOOLS : CONTAIN MATERIALS THAT USED IN THE PROCESS
• STEPS : DESCRIBING THE STEPS THAT NEEDED TO BE DONE TO ACHIEVE THE
GOALS
HOW TO MAKE RUJAK BUAH
INGREDIENTS:
1 papaya, cut into 1/2 inch cubes
1 cucumber, peeled
1 mango, peeled cubed
1 Apple, cut into 1/2 inch cubes
3 tablespoons peanuts, fry
1 hot chili pepper, seed, sliced
1/4 cup brown sugar
1 tablespoon tamarind, dissolved in 1/4 cup water

STEP:
Mix all the fruits together
Grind chilies and salt
Add brown sugar
Add dry roasted peanuts and grind completely
Pour some tamarind liquid
Mix the sauce and fruits together
Serve chilled
 DESCRIPTION

• SOCIAL FUNCTION : DESCRIBE AND REVEAL A PARTICULAR PERSON, PLACE, OR THING

• GENERIC STRUCTURE :
1. IDENTIFICATION; IDENTIFYING THE PHENOMENON TO BE DESCRIBED.
2. DESCRIPTION; DESCRIBING THE PHENOMENON IN PARTS, QUALITIES, OR/AND
CHARACTERISTICS.
 MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY

• IDENTIFICATION :
MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY IS ONE OF THE LARGEST UNIVERSITIES IN AUSTRALIA. THIS YEAR, IN 2004, IT CELEBRATES ITS
40TH ANNIVERSARY.
• DESCRIPTION :
THE UNIVERSITY IS LOCATED AT THE NORTH RYDE GREENBELT, SYDNEY, WHERE THE NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT
SETS ASIDE 135 HECTARES FOR THE INSTITUTION. IN 1964, MACQUARIE AREA WAS A RURAL RETREAT ON THE CITY
FRINGE, BUT TODAY THE CAMPUS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS HAVE EVOLVED BEYOND RECOGNITION. THE NORTH RYDE
DISTRICT HAS GROWN INTO A DISTRICT OF INTENSIVE OCCUPATION ANCHORED BY A VIBRANT AND GROWING
UNIVERSITY.BLESSED WITH A FORTUNATE LOCATION AND ROOM TO BREATHE, MACQUARIE CAN BE PROUD OF THAT
CAREFUL PLANNING THAT RETAINS AND ENRICH THE UNIVERSITY’S MOST ATTRACTIVE NATURAL FEATURES. A PLEASING
BALANCE BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND PLATING IS EVIDENT ACROSS THE CAMPUS. THIS EMPHASIS ON THE IMPORTANCE
OF LANDSCAPE HAS CREATED IMAGES OF MACQUARIE AS A PLACE THAT MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY ARE MOST
LIKELY TO PLEASURABLY RECOLLECT.
 REVIEW

• SOCIAL FUNCTION : CRITIC THE EVENTS OR ART WORKS FOR THE READER OR LISTENER, SUCH AS
MOVIES, SHOWS, BOOK, AND OTHERS.
• GENERIC STRUCTURE :
1. ORIENTATION : BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE TEXT.
2. EVALUATIONS : CONCLUDING STATEMENT : JUDGEMENT, OPINION, OR RECOMMENDATION. IT
CAN CONSIST OT MORE THAN ONE
3. INTERPRETATIVE RECOUNT : SUMMARY OF AN ART WORKS INCLUDING CHARACTER AND PLOT.
4. EVALUATIVE SUMMATION : THE LAST OPINION CONSISTING THE APPRAISAL OR THE PUNCH LINE
OF THE ART WORKS BEING CRITICIZED.
 THE AMAZING SPIDERMAN 2
• INTRODUCTION
I WILL START BY SAYING THAT I AM A HUGE FAN OF SPIDER-MAN. I LOVE ALL THE TRILOGIES WORKED BY RAIMI (YES, EVEN
THE SPIDER-MAN 3) BUT I DO NOT LIKE THE THE AMAZING SPIDERMAN 1. I WAS SKEPTICAL WHEN I WANTED TO WATCH THIS
MOVIE, BUT I WAS WRONG AND I THINK THIS SECOND SEQUEL IS REALLY GREAT. UNLIKE ITS PREDECESSOR, THIS FILM IS FULL
OF ACTION, HUMOR, AND EMOTIONAL. PLAYED BY THE BIG PLAYERS, THE STORY IS WELL-WRITTEN. THE ACTION IS REALLY
SPECTACULAR AND THE FINAL SCENE MAKES ME SATISFIED.
• EVALUATION 1 / INTERPRETATION
THE STORY BEGINS WHEN PETER PARKER (ANDREW GARFIELD) STRUGGLED TO MAINTAIN HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH GWEN
(EMMA STONE) AFTER HER FATHER’S DEATH. HIS ACTIONS ALSO CAUSES THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW ENEMY, ELECTRO, A
VILLAIN PLAYED BY JAMES FOXX. PETER ALSO CONTINUE TO INVESTIGATE WHAT HAPPENED TO HIS FATHER AND REUNITED
WITH HIS OLD FRIEND, HARRY OSBORN. THIS MOVIE IS ENDED BY THE DEATH OF GWEN THAT MAKES THE AUDIENCE WILL BE
VERY EMOTIONAL AND SAD.
• EVALUATION 2
HOWEVER I HAVE TO CRITICIZE ABOUT THIS FILM ADDRESSED TO PAUL GIAMATTI WHO PLAYS RHINO. HIS APPEARANCE IS
TOO OVER. HIS ACTING ALSO DOES NOT SHOW THAT HE IS A FEARED VILLAIN. IT WOULD BE A SERIOUS PROBLEM FOR THE
NEXT SPIDERMAN SERIES. SO I HOPE HE CAN IMPROVE HIS ACTING BETTER THAN BEFORE.
• SUMMARY
OVERALL, I THINK THIS IS THE BEST SUPERHERO MOVIE SINCE THE APPEARANCE OF THE DARK KNIGHT RISES. THE SCRIPT IS
WELL-WRITTEN AND CONVINCING. I AM SURE THE NEXT SERIES WILL BE OUTSTANDING SUPERHERO MOVIE. I RECOMMEND
THIS MOVIE TO ANYONE WHO LOVES SPIDER-MAN OR OTHER SUPERHERO MOVIES.
THANKYOU.