1

POLITICA
Lesson
2:
L
IDEOLOGI
ES
Prepared by:
John Paul B.
Mangalus
 Competencies:
1. Identify the basic tenets of major
political ideologies

2. Differentiate the political ideologies

3. Examine the relationship between

political ideologies and configurations of
political communities

4. Critique ideas that have a direct impact

on how we try to manage ourselves as a
political community
Motivational
activity

Jumbled Words
Words that we are
going to encounter in
this lesson
4
1.M B A S T O U L S I 1.ABSOLUTISM
2.Y M O A R C N H 2.MONARCHY
3.S L R E L B A I M I 3.LIBERALISM
4.N O C Y M R I S 4.CRONYISM
5.A P D A A R N O G P 5.PROPAGANDA
6.C R O D T A I T 6.DICTATOR
7.E M R T R S R O I 7.TERRORISM
8.R E T O G N E V N M 8.GOVERNMENT
9.E I Y B T L R 9.LIBERTY
10.G E I E T O S V Y N R 5
10.SOVEREIGNTY
 Ideology?
⋆ A political belief system
⋆ It is formed when beliefs and values
are put together in a coherent
system
⋆ Beliefs are people’s assessment of
reality and what they hold true
⋆ Values are people’s ideas about
right and wrong
⋆ The ideas of the ruling class
⋆ The worldview of a particular social
class or social group
6
Distinguished Ideologies
From Ideas
⋆ Comprehensive – they cover ideas
pertaining many great matters
⋆ Pervasive – not only known for a
long time but has shaped the
political beliefs and actions of
many people
⋆ Extensive – they are held by a large
number of people and plays a vital
role in political affairs
⋆ 7
Functions of Ideologies
1. Ideology addresses a basic
human psychological need
such as safety, freedom, and
community
2. Ideology provides its
believers with a sense of
understanding about what
kinds of things they should
pay attention to or ignore
3. Ideology is essential
8
 Political Ideologies
9
⋆ Anarchism
⋆ Absolutism
⋆ Liberalism
⋆ Conservatism
⋆ Socialism
⋆ Communism
 Anarchism
⋆ The state of being without
10 government or authority
⋆ Belief in the abolition of all
government and the organization of
society on a voluntary, cooperative
basis without recourse to force or
compulsion
⋆ It holds the government responsible
for all the world’s problems
⋆ An attempt to achieve total equality
 Absolutism
⋆ Used interchangeably with
11
Totalitarianism, Dictatorship,
Autocracy, Despotism
⋆ The political doctrine and practice
of unlimited centralized authority
and absolute sovereignty, as
vested especially in a monarch or
dictator
 Control Tactics of
Dictatorship
⋆ Military action
12
⋆ Restriction on personal freedoms
⋆ Propaganda - information,
especially of a biased or
misleading nature, used to
promote or publicize a particular
political cause or point of view
⋆ State-sponsored terrorism
 Hallmark signs of
Dictatorship
⋆ State-controlled media
13
⋆ Rampant corruption and cronyism
(the appointment of friends and
associates to positions of
authority, without proper regard to
their qualifications)
⋆ Wealth inequality
 How many countries are
ruled by authoritarian
14
regimes?
⋆ As of 2014, there is an estimate of
52 countries ruled by authoritarian
regimes
⋆ On the list are:
⋆ China
⋆ Cuba
⋆ Russia
⋆ Syria
 Liberalism (The Left)
⋆ Derived from the Latin word ‘Liber ‘
15
which means ‘free men.’ In short,
men who are neither serfs nor
slaves
⋆ A political doctrine that emphasizes
on protecting the freedom and
rights of the citizenry
⋆ Belief that government is necessary
to protect individuals from being
harmed by others, but they also
 Liberalism (The Left)
16
⋆ Some liberal countries are
⋆ Iceland
⋆ Finland
⋆ Sweden
⋆ New Zealand
⋆ Switzerland
⋆ Canada
⋆ Australia
 Conservatism (The Right)
17
⋆ Derived from the term
‘Conservation’
⋆ Supports the status quo and
advocates change only in
moderation upholding the value of
tradition and seeks to preserve all
that is good about the past
⋆ Conservatives thus favor
institutions and practices that have
 Conservatism (The Right)
18

⋆ Countries with conservative

government includes:
⋆ Yemen
⋆ Mali
⋆ Iran
⋆ Pakistan
⋆ Saudi Arabia
 Socialism
19
⋆ Derived from the Latin term ‘social’
meaning to combine or to share
⋆ Any of various economic and
political theories advocating
collective or governmental
ownership and administration of the
means of production and
distribution of goods
⋆ It opposes Capitalism and tries to
 Socialism
20
⋆ Some Socialist countries are:
⋆ China
⋆ Denmark
⋆ Finland
⋆ Netherlands
⋆ Canada
 Communism
21
⋆ Extreme left-wing ideology
⋆ Based on the revolutionary
teachings of Karl Marx
⋆ Characterized by collective
ownership
⋆ Each person should work to their
capability and will receive
according to their needs
22