HIV AIDS

Ika Norcahyanti
Farmasi Klinik & Komunitas
Fakultas Farmasi UNEJ
Definisi

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

kumpulan gejala atau penyakit yg disebabkan oleh me

kekebalan tubuh akibat infeksi oleh virus HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

mrp tahap akhir dari infeksi HIV

HIV AIDS di Indonesia
HIV AIDS di Indonesia
HIV AIDS di Indonesia
HIV AIDS di Indonesia
HIV AIDS di Indonesia
Etiologi
virus HIV termasuk Retrovirus dgn diameter 80-120 nm.
infeksi dari Lentivirus scr khas ditandai dari sifat laten yg
lama, masa inkubasi yg lama, replikasi virus yg persisten.
HIV ada 2 tipe yaitu tipe 1 (HIV-1) dan tipe 2 (HIV-2) dgn
patogenisitas HIV-2 lebih rendah dibanding HIV-1.
HIV life cycle
Transmisi infeksi HIV
Having sex with someone who has HIV
Anal sex is the highest-risk sexual behavior. Receptive
anal sex (bottoming) is riskier than insertive anal sex
(topping).
Vaginal sex is the second highest-risk sexual behavior.
Having multiple sex partners or having other sexually
transmitted infections can increase the risk of infection
through sex.
Sharing needles, syringes, rinse water, or other equipment
(works) used to prepare injection drugs with someone
who has HIV
Transmisi infeksi HIV
Being born to an infected mother. HIV can be passed
from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or
breastfeeding.
Being stuck with an HIV-contaminated needle or other
sharp object. This is a risk mainly for health care workers.
Receiving blood transfusions, blood products, or
organ/tissue transplants that are contaminated with HIV.
This risk is extremely small because of rigorous testing of
the US blood supply and donated organs and tissues.
Eating food that has been pre-chewed by an HIV-infected
person. The contamination occurs when infected blood
from a caregiver’s mouth mixes with food while chewing,
and is very rare.
Transmisi infeksi HIV
Oral sex—using the mouth to stimulate the penis, vagina, or
anus (fellatio, cunnilingus, and rimming). Giving fellatio (mouth
to penis oral sex) and having the person ejaculate (cum) in
your mouth is riskier than other types of oral sex.

Contact between broken skin, wounds, or mucous membranes

and HIV-infected blood or blood-contaminated body fluids.
These reports have also been extremely rare.
Stages of HIV infection
Acute HIV Infection
acute HIV infection is the earliest stage of HIV.
acute HIV infection generally develops within 2 to 4
weeks after a person is infected with HIV.
during acute HIV infection, many people have flu-like
symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash.
in this acute stage of infection, HIV multiplies rapidly and
spreads throughout the body.
the virus attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4
cells of the immune system.
HIV can be transmitted during any stage of infection, but
the risk is greatest during acute HIV infection.
Stages of HIV infection
Chronic HIV Infection
the second stage of HIV infection is chronic HIV infection
(also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical
latency).
during this stage of the disease, HIV continues to multiply
in the body but at very low levels.
people with chronic HIV infection may not have any
HIV-related symptoms, but they can still spread HIV to
others.
without treatment with HIV medicines, chronic HIV
infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 to 12 years.
Stages of HIV infection
AIDS
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection.
HIV has destroyed the immune system, the body can’t
fight off opportunistic infections and cancer. (Examples of
opportunistic infections include pneumonia and
tuberculosis).
AIDS is diagnosed when a person with HIV has a CD4
count of less than 200 cells/mm3 and/or one or more
opportunistic infections.
without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive
about 3 years.
Diagnosa
ELISA Test
Rapid Test
Western Blot Test
Viral Load Test
Clinical stage…
Clinical stage…
Clinical stage…
Clinical stage…
Tujuan Terapi
reduce HIV-associated morbidity and prolong the
duration and quality of survival
restore and preserve immunologic function
maximally and durably suppress plasma HIV viral load
prevent HIV transmission
When to start ART???
First line regimens…
When to start ART???
First line regimens…
First line regimens…
?
Second line regimens…
Second line regimens…
Infant prophylaxis…
Infant prophylaxis…
Paduan ARV yg tdk
dianjurkan….
Dosages of ARV…
Dosages of ARV…
Dosages of ARV…
Dosages of ARV…
Dosages of ARV…
Dosages of ARV…
Monitoring ART
Drug interactions
Terima Kasih