MS-Excel

What is Cell
• The worksheet of a workbook in Excel are
made up of thousands of rectangles, are called
cells.
• A cell is the intersection of a row and a column.
• Columns are identified by letters (A, B, C...),
whereas rows are identified by numbers (1, 2,
3...). Here is the picture below to explain the
rows and columns.
• Cell Reference: A string identifying a
particular cell in a spreadsheet, possibly
relative to the cell containing the reference.
• Relative cell Reference:The default cell references
are relative references.
• When copied across multiple cells, they change
based on the relative position of rows and columns.
For example, if you copy the formula =C2*D2 from
row 2 to row 3, the formula will become =C3*D3.
• Relative references are especially convenient
whenever you need to repeat the same calculation
across multiple rows or columns.
• Absolute Cell Reference:Sometimes we need to
copy a formula that, the content of some cell
associated with this formulas must be fixed. In that
condition, the relative cell references can be used.
In this type of cell references, we can keep the row
and/or column constant.
• An absolute reference is designated in a formula by
the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the
column reference or the row reference or both.
 Absolute cell reference….
Absolute Reference Particular Keys in the keyboard

$A$1 The column and the row Press F4.

do not change when
copied.

A$1 The row does not change Press F4 twice .

when copied.

$A1 The column does not Press F4 three times .

change when copied.
 Formula /Function in excel
• A formula is an expression which calculates
the value of one or more cell(s).
• The functions are also predefined formulas
and it can be used independently in Excel and
performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order.
• A simple formula can be created using add,
subtract, multiply or divide values in your
worksheet. Formulas always start with an
equal sign (=), followed by constants that are
numeric values and calculation operators such
as plus (+), minus (-), asterisk(*), or forward
slash (/) signs.
 Arithmetic Function
• A very important feature in Excel is the
formula. It is used to calculate values based on
what is in cells, perform operations on a cell
content.
• Mathematical Formulas in Excel are used to
perform various arithmetic operations like
sum, average, count, max, min etc. Here is a
list of most frequently used mathematical
formulas in excel.
• Sum:- The simplest type of Excel addition
formula is made up of the = sign, followed by
two or more numbers, with the + operator in
between them.
• For example, to add together the numbers 2, 7
and 1, type the following into any Excel cell:
=2+7+1
Finding the largest, smallest and average values
• MIN(number1, [number2], …) - returns the minimal value
from the list of arguments.
• MAX(number1, [number2], …) - returns the maximum
value from the list of arguments
• AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …) - returns the average
of the arguments.
• SMALL(array, k) - returns the k-th smallest value in the
array.
• LARGE(array, k) - returns the k-th largest value in the array.
• COUNT(value1, [value2], …) - returns the number of
numerical values (numbers and dates) in the list of
arguments.
• COUNTA(value1, [value2], …) - returns the number of
non-empty cells in the list of arguments. It counts cells
containing any information, including error values and
empty text strings ("") returned by other formulas.
• COUNTBLANK(range) - counts the number of empty
cells in a specified range. Cells with empty text strings
("") are also counted as blank cells.
 BODMAS

• BODMAS is a way of remembering the order of operation

that Excel follows when it evaluates values in a formula.
BODMAS stands for:

B - Brackets
O - Order (Indices etc.)
D - Division
M - Multiplication
A - Addition
S - Subtraction
• 5 + 2 x 3?
• If you calculate the '5 + 2' part first you get:
5 + 2 x 3 = 7 x 3 = 21

If you calculate the '2 x 3' part first you get:

5 + 2 x 3 = 5 + 6 = 11

Which one is correct?

According to BODMAS rule multiplication comes
before addition, so multiply 2 by 3 first.

So the right answer is: 5 + 2 x 3 = 5 + 6 = 11.

• If you want to calculate '5 + 2' first, you can use

brackets, so that your formula will look like this:
(5+2) x 3 = 21
 Custom View
• In the Excel we can customize the view of excel
sheet through View tab and create Custom
Views of the table by simply using custom view
button .
• Excel's Custom View feature to save multiple
custom views. This way, instead of taking the
time to manually set up the worksheet display
that you need, Excel re-create it for you simply
by selecting the appropriate custom view.
• Range: a range is a collection of two or more cells.
• Name Range: A name is a word or series of
characters that’s applied to a cell or a range of
cells is called the Name range.
• Select the range and Write the name for range In
the name box and press enter.
Note that the name only applies to the full group
of cells. If I select a single cell within the group, the
Name box displays the cell’s default name.
• A chart is a tool you can use in Excel to
communicate data graphically.
• Charts allow to see the meaning behind the
numbers, and they make showing
comparisons and trends much easier.
• Column charts are used to compare values
across categories by using vertical bars.
• Pie charts are used to display the contribution
of each value (slice) to a total (pie). Pie charts
always use one data series.
• A bar chart is the horizontal version of a
column chart. Use a bar chart if you have large
text labels.
• Sparkline's in Excel are graphs that fit in one
cell and give you information about the data.
• Pivot Charts allow you to graphically represent
your data which can help you to easily see
comparisons, patterns and trends. For
example, a Sales Manager can use PivotCharts
to analyze the performance of his or her sales
staff.
• A PivotTable is an interactive table that
summarizes large amounts of data, which you
can analyze even further using a PivotChart.
Instead of creating a regular chart from
scratch each time, you can create a single
PivotChart and view different parts of your
data by changing your PivotTable.
• VLook UP:VLookup (short for 'vertical' lookup)
is a built-in Excel function that is designed to
work with data that is organised into columns.
For a specified value, the function finds (or
'looks up') the value in one column of data,
and returns the corresponding value from
another column.
Vlookup Syntax
• VLOOKUP( lookup_value, table_array, col_inde
x_num, [range_lookup] )
• HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup and
can be used to retrieve information from a
table by searching a row for the matching
data.
• VLOOKUP searches for the value in a column,
while HLOOKUP searches for the value in a
row.
• Hlookup Syntax
• HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array,
row_index_num, [range_lookup])
• Conditional formatting in Excel enables you to
highlight cells with a certain color, depending
on the cell's value.
• Conditional formatting allows you to
automatically apply formatting—such as
colors, icons, and data bars—to one or more
cells based on the cell value. To do this, you'll
need to create a conditional formatting rule.
Highlight Cells Rules
• To highlight cells that are greater than a value,
execute the following steps.
Clear Rules
• To clear a conditional formatting rule. Click
Clear Rules, Clear Rules from Selected Cells
• A table typically contains related data in a
series of worksheet rows and columns that
have been formatted as a table. By using the
table features, you can manage the data in
the table rows and columns independently
from the data in other rows and columns on
the worksheet.
• Convert range into table by CTRL+T or insert
table feature.
• Filter
Filter your Excel data if you only want to display
records that meet certain criteria.
• Click any single cell inside a data set.
• On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group,
click Filter.
• Advanced filter
• When you use the Advanced Filter, you need to
enter the criteria on the worksheet. Create
a Criteria range for filtering the data set.
• Use the same column headers. Be sure there's at
least one blank row between your Criteria range
and data set.
• In advanced filter you can copy the data
anywhere in the sheet or at the other sheets.