LESSON 7: HYPOTHESIS

Prepared by: Group 6

 Definition of Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation
or an answer to a question about
variables, their relationships, and other
facts involved in the research. A
research always ends up with a result.
However, you are free to hyphotesize
the meaning, to infer, propose, or guess
about factual things related to
research.
There is an inferential thinking that
makes you guess something based not
only on whatever experience or factual
knowledge you have about such thing but
also on certain conclusions that were
logically drawn by other research
studies.
A hypothesis is tested through
analytical investigation to prove how
true or false it is. (Creswall, 2014,
Russel 2013)
 Purpose of Hypothesis
Some researchers find hypotheses essential
because of some reason:
• They guide you on which aspect of the
research to focus on.
• They provide opportunities to prove the
relationship between variables.
• They give the right direction of the research.
• They outline your thoughts on your manner of
summarizing the results and explaining the
conclusions.
• They push for an empirical study to prove the
existence of relationship of variables and the
effects of independent variable on the
dependent variable.
Hypotheses Vs. Research Questions
In an experimental research that takes place in a
scientific method, one of your initial acts is
formulating these two: research questions
and hypotheses. Both are related to your
research but they are not exactly the same.
HYPOTHESES – can be formulated if you know
much about the variables or have lots of
knowledge about other factual data and
otherwise form research questions. The
results of your research or investigation prove
whether the hypotheses are correct,incorrect,
or partially correct. ( Schreiber 2012)
 Categories of Hypothesis
Two Categories of Hypotheses:
• Null hypotheses
• Alternative Hypotheses

A null hypothesis symbolized by Ho, which states

the absence of relationship between the
independent and dependent variables. It is
therefore a statement to disprove the fact that
the independent variable
(treatment,intervention, or condition) has an
effect on the dependent variable.
Alternative hypothesis
symbolized by Hi, the alternative
hypothesis states the relationship
between the independent and
dependent variables and the fact
that the first affects the second
one.
 Types of Hypotheses
1. Theory-driven vs. Data-driven hypotheses –
a hypothesis that is based on existing theory
to explain the relationship of variables and
the effects of one varible on the other
variables is theory-driven. But if it based on
the findings of the previous research studies,
it is a data driven hypothesis.
2. Directions (one-tailed) vs. None-directional
(two-tailed) hypothesis – directional
hypotheses state the relationship of two
variables as well as of the relationship of this
variables.None-directional hyphotheses,
on the other hand states the relationship of
variables but not on the direction of the
relationship.
3. Desriptive vs. Causal hypotheses – a
statements specifying the relationship
between two variables due to the influence of
something is a descriptive hypothesis; due to
cause – effect relationship, it is a causal
hyphotheses. True experimental or quasi –
experimental research such as a correlation
study uses causal hyphotheses; none
experimental research uses descriptive
hypotheses.
Guidelines in Formulating Hypotheses
The craft in hypotheses formulation requires you
think the following pointers:
1. Express your hypotheses in a declarative
sentence.
2. Support your hypothesis with ideas based on
theories, known facts, previous studies, or
your experience and wisdom.
3. Establish a logical relationship between the
hypothesis and the research problem.
4. Have your hypothesis predict the nature of
relationship or among variables.
5. Ascertain the possiblity of having some means
of having testing, analyzing, and investigating
your hypotheses.
6. Avoid wordiness by using clear, exact, or
specific language in stating the hypothesis.
 THANK YOU!
GODBLESS AND MORE POWER!