Subpart Z - Toxic & Hazardous

Substances (1910.1000 - 1450)

FY2006
Hazard Communication - Written program
1155
1200(e)(1)

Hazard Communication - Information & training

645
1200(h)(1)
Standard: 1910.

Hazard Communication - Training initially & for new hazards

349
1200(h)
Hazard Communication - Material Safety Data Sheets
348
1200(g)(1)

Hazard Communication - Label identification

255
1200(f)(5)(i)

2
 Objectives

• Hazard Communication
Program
• Labels and other forms of
warnings
• Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS)
• Information and training
• Health Hazards
 Purpose
• The purpose of the standard
is to make sure that the
hazards of chemicals are
evaluated
• That information concerning
their hazards is
communicated to employers
and employees
 Who is covered
• OSHA’s Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal
 Background
• The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is
based on a simple concept--that employees
have both a need and a right to know the
hazards and identities of the chemicals they are
exposed to when working
Need Plant
Specific
 Background
• They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse
effects from occurring
• The HCS is designed to provide employees
with the information they need

MSDS
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
• Employers must develop a written program that
covers at least:
– Labels and other forms of warnings
– Material Safety Data Sheets
– Employee Information and Training
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
• Employers must develop a written program that
covers at least:
– A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be
present at the facility along with MSDS’s for each
chemical
– The methods the employer
will use to inform employees
of the hazards non-routine tasks
– The hazards of chemicals
in unlabeled pipes
 Multi-Employer Workplaces
• If employees of other employers could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals the program
must include:
– Methods to provide contractor employees with on-
site access to MSDS for each chemical those
workers may be exposed to
– The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
– The employers chemical labeling system
 Consumer Products Exemption
• Any consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where the
employer can show that:
– It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
– The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of
exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
consumers when used for the purpose intended
 Written Program Availability
• The employer must make the written program
available, upon request, to:
– Employees and their designated representatives

• Where work is carried out at more than one

location, the program may be kept at the main
location
 Labels, Tags and Markings
• The employer must ensure that each
container of hazardous chemicals in the
workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with
the following:
– Identity of the hazardous chemical
– Appropriate hazard warnings
• This above labeling information is required of
the manufacturer so the employer must
ensure that the original labels from the
manufacturer are on all containers and remain
legible
 Labels – NFPA Diamond

• RED - Flammability

• BLUE - Health

• YELLOW - Reactivity

• WHITE - Special

{NFPA – National Fire Protection Association}

 Labels - Health Hazard

• What the numbers show

0 = No hazard
1 = Slight hazard
2 = Dangerous
3 = Extreme danger
4 = Deadly
 Labels – Flammability
• What the numbers show
0= Will not burn
1= Ignites above 200 degrees F
2= Ignites below 200 degrees F
3= Ignites below 100 degrees F
4= Ignites below 73 degrees F

Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough
vapors to sustain ignition}
 Labels - Reactivity

• What the numbers show

0 = Stable
1 = Normally Stable
2 = Unstable
3 = Explosive
4 = May detonate
Labels - Special Hazard

● What the letters show

• OX = Oxidizer
• ACID = Acid
• ALK = Alkali
• COR = Corrosive
• W = Use No Water
• = Radioactive
 Labels - HMIS
Protective Equipment
Blue
A= safety glasses
B= safety glasses + gloves Red

C= safety glasses + gloves

Yellow
+ synthetic apron
D-Z = etc....... White

{HMIS – Hazard Material Information System}

 Container Labeling Exemption
for Portable Containers
• The employer is not required to label portable
containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which
are intended only for the immediate use by
the employee who performs the transfer
 The employer need not
affix new labels to comply
with the standard if
existing labels already covey
the required information
 New Hazard Information
• Manufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers who
become newly aware of
significant information
regarding chemical hazards
shall:
– Revise the labels for the
chemical within three months
– Revise the MSDS for the
chemical within three months
 MSDS kept in other forms
• MSDS may be kept in any form including
operating procedures
• It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individual
hazardous chemicals
 Employee Information and
Training
• Employers must provide employees
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
– At the time of their initial assignment
– Whenever a new physical or health hazard
the employees have not previously been
trained about is introduced into their work
area
• Training may cover categories of hazards
 Employee Information
• Employers must inform employees:
– Of the training requirements of this section
(1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);
– Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
– The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program
 Employee Training
• Employee training shall include at least:
– The means to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical in the work area
– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the
work area
– Measures employees can take to protect
themselves
– Details of the employers specific program
 Chemical Exposure
Severity & Duration
• “Acute” effects usually occur rapidly as a result
of short-term exposures, and are of short
duration
• “Chronic” effects generally occur as a result of
long-term exposure, and are of long duration
 Corrosive
• Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
body tissue
• Acids
• Caustics (or bases)

Caustics
Acids pH Scale (or bases)

1 7 14
 Routes of Exposure

• Inhalation - most common

• Skin absorption

• Ingestion

• Injection
 Health Hazards

Toxicity vs. hazard - toxicity is used to

describe the ability of the substance to
cause a harmful effect. Everything is
toxic at some dose.
 Health Hazards

Toxicity vs. Dose - There is a balance

between toxicity and dose. Dose is the
amount of something the individual is
exposed to or comes in contact with. The
lower the toxicity, the greater the dose that
can be tolerated without ill effects. The
greater the toxicity, the lower the dose that
can be tolerated without ill effects.
 Chemical Exposure Limits

• Time Weighted Average (TWA) based

on an 8 hour day.
• Ceiling Limits based on maximum
exposure.
• Exposure Limits are established for all
chemicals.
 Health Hazards

• Major Types
– Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on
contact with skin or eyes
– Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or
swelling of skin or eyes on contact. No
permanent tissue damage
– Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung
reaction
– Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse
effect even at very low doses
– Carcinogens - may cause cancer
– Teratogens - may cause birth defects
– Organ Specific hazards - damage to specific
organ systems such as liver or lungs
 Health Hazards

• Training and communication - knowing how to

work safely with chemicals that pose a hazard - i.e.
bulletins, MSDS, etc.. THE RIGHT TO KNOW
• Environmental monitoring - Industrial Hygiene
air sampling
• Personal monitoring - check yourself and co-
workers for symptoms - i.e. skin rashes, eye or throat
irritation, strong odors
 Chemicals Used During Sanitation

• Detergents
• Disinfectants
• Sterilants
 General Characteristics of
Detergents
ALCOHOLS (Isopropyl or Ethyl Alcohol)
Wide germicidal activity, non corrosive, but poses a fire hazard.
Limited residual activity due to evaporation.
Alcohols provide limited activity in the presence of organic matter.
Not considered effective against bacterial or fungal spores.
Excellent for disinfecting instruments or other small objects.
Too expensive for general use in the hatchery.
Must use as a 70-95% concentration for effectiveness.

HALOGENS (Iodines or hypochlorites)

Provide wide germicidal activity but are corrosive.
Limited activity when in the presence of organic matter.
Poor residual activity, low toxicity, but may stain surfaces.
Not effective as sporocidal agents.
Effective at low concentrations for disinfecting clean, small objects.
Low cost but requires frequent applications.
 General Characteristics of
Detergents
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Limited germicidal range.
Not sporocidal, effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Reduced efficiency in the presence of organic matter.
Limited effectiveness in soaps, detergents and hard water salts.
Non-irritating, non-corrosive and low toxicity.
Residual activity is limited by the amount of recontamination.
Good disinfectant for use on cleaned surfaces.
Low cost.

PHENOLICS (Single or Multiple)

Wide germicidal range, not sporocidal.
Low toxicity and low corrosiveness.
Very effective in the presence of organic matter.
Good residual activity and deodorizer.
Low to moderate cost.
 General Characteristics of
Detergents
COAL TAR DISTILLATES ( Cresol and Cresylic Acid)
Wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.
Corrosive and toxic at high concentrations.
Excellent residual activity with heavy odor.
Highly efficient in presence of organic matter.
Not well suited for use near eggs or chicks due to noxious gases.
Moderately expensive.

ALDEHYDES (Glutaraldehyde)
Wide germicidal activity, sporocidal and fungicidal.
Slight to moderate efficiency in presence of organic matter.
Slight residual activity.
Moderately toxic.
Moderate cost.
 General Characteristics of
Detergents
OXIDIZING AGENTS (Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Permanganate)
Moderate to wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.
Rendered ineffective in the presence of organic matter.
Moderately corrosive, limited toxicity.
Poor to limited residual activity.
More valuable as a cleansing and deodorizing agent.
Moderate cost.
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.
 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,
required information
• Identity of the chemical • Whether the hazardous
• Physical and chemical chemical is listed in the
characteristics National Toxicology
• Physical hazards Program (NTP) Annual
Report on Carcinogens
• Chemical hazards
• precautions for safe
• Primary routes of entry
handling and use
• PEL’s or other exposure
• Date of preparation
limits
• Name, address and
• Control measures
telephone of the
• Emergency procedures manufacturer
Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for
Information

Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)
Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;

Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits

Recommended%(optional)
Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate

(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL
UEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Section V - Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

Hazardous
Polymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA

Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions
Section VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices
 Identify hazardous chemicals
in the workplace.
• Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
• Determine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of them
• If any are missing, contact your supplier
and request one
• You should not allow employees to use
any chemicals for which you have not
received an MSDS
 Health Hazard Controls
• Product substitution
• Ventilation
• PPE
 OSHA’s Checklist
Are employees trained in the safe handling practices of hazardous chemicals such as acids, caustics, ammonia etc?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Is employee exposure to chemicals kept within acceptable levels?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are eye wash fountains and safety showers provided in areas where corrosive chemicals are handled?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are all containers, such as vats, and storage tanks labeled as to their contents and with appropriate hazard warnings?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are flammable or toxic chemicals kept in closed containers when not in use?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are chemical piping systems clearly marked as to their content?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Have standard operating procedures been established, and are they being followed when cleaning up chemical spills?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

Are employees prohibited from eating in areas where hazardous chemicals are present?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
 OSHA’s Checklist
If hazardous substances are used in the processes, is there a medical or biological monitoring system in
operation?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are the employer and employees aware of the Threshold Limit Values or Permissible Exposure Limits of
airborne contaminants and physical agents used in your workplace?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Have control procedures been instituted for hazardous materials, where appropriate, such as respirators,
ventilation systems, and handling practices?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Whenever possible, are hazardous substances handled in properly designed and exhausted booths or
similar locations?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Do you use general dilution or local exhaust ventilation systems to control dusts (feathers and feces),
vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists which may be generated in your workplace?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Do employees complain about dizziness, headaches, nausea, irritation, or other factors of discomfort
when they are exposed to dusts (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
 OSHA’s Checklist
Is there a dermatitis problem?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

Do employees complain about dryness, irritation, or sensitization of the skin?

[ ]Always
[ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

Has employer utilized an industrial hygienist or environmental health specialist to evaluate the operation?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

If internal combustion engines are used, is carbon monoxide kept within acceptable levels?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

Is vacuuming used, rather than blowing or sweeping dusts whenever possible for clean-up?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

Are materials which give off toxic, asphyxiant, or anesthetic vapors or fumes, stored in remote or isolated locations
when not in use, e.g. bulk ammonia storage?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
 CPL 2-2.38D

• March 30, 1998

• Inspection Procedures for the Hazard

Communication Standard
 Summary
• Manufacturers must assess hazards of
chemicals.
• Distributors must transmit hazard
information to employers.
• Employers must provide information to
workers.