Technological University (Magway)

Machine Design

Presented by
Daw Myat Thu Htet
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Outline of Presentation

 Introduction to Machine Design

 The Purpose of Machine Design Course
 What are Machine Elements?
 Classification of Machines Elements
 Types of General Purpose of Machine Elements
 Design Considerations
 General Procedure in Machine Design
 Skills the Machine Designer should possess
 Economics Feasibility
 Safety and Reliability

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Introduction to Machine Design

Machine Design is the innovation of new and effective machines and

improving the existing ones.

A new or effective machine is one which is more economical in the

overall cost of production and operation.

The design is to formulate a plan for the satisfaction of a human need.

In designing a machine component, it is necessary to have a good

knowledge of many subjects such as Mathematics, Engineering Mechanics,
Strength of Materials, Theory of Machines, Workshop Processes and
Engineering Drawing.

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 The Purpose of Machine Design Course

 The course in Machine Design help students understand

the fundamentals of designing the most commonly used
parts, elements and units of various machines. Small
components of machine on assembling make a big machine,
hence the machine as a whole as well as its individual
components have to be designed.
 The knowledge of machine design helps the designers as
follows:
 (1) To select proper materials and best suited shapes,
 (2) To calculate the dimensions based on the loads on
machines and strength of the material,
 (3) Specify the manufacturing process for the manufacture
of the designed component of the machine or the whole
machine.

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 What are Machine Elements?
 All the machines are made up of elements or parts
and each element may have to be designed
separately and in assembly.
 The machines elements are classified into two main
types: general purpose elements like nuts, bolts,
bearings, couplings and special purpose elements
like piston, crankshaft etc.
 Each element in turn can be a complete part or
made up of several small pieces which are joined
together by riveting, welding etc.
 Several machine elements are assembled together
to form what we call as complete machine, which
performs various applications.
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 Classification of Machines Elements

 The machines elements are classified into two main types:

general purpose elements and special purpose elements.

 General purpose elements: The elements which are

common to various types of machines serving different
applications are called general purpose elements. Examples of
these elements are nuts, bolts, keys, axles, shafts, couplings,
bearings etc.

 Special purpose elements: The elements that are used

only in the specific type of machine are called as special
purpose elements. For instance piston and connecting rods
are used in the engines and compressors, while blades are
used in the turbines and blowers. Some other examples are
cam shafts, crankshaft, cylinder etc.

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 Types of General Purpose of Machine Elements

 Fasteners: The fasteners are the machine elements that

connect or join various parts of the machine. The joints can be
of permanent type or temporary type. The examples of
permanent joints are welded joints, riveted joints etc. The joints
obtained by nut and bolt, and the cotter joints are common and
widely used examples of the temporary joints.
 Elements of rotary motion drive: These are the elements
that help transmit the motion or power to or from the
machines. For example belt connected to the motor and pump
helps running the pump. The gear box helps transmit the
motion and power from the engine to the wheels of the
vehicles. Other examples of elements of the rotary motion
drive are rope, chain, gear, worm drives, shafts, axles, couplings,
bearings etc.
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Classifications of Machine Design

1. Adaptive design: In this the designer’s work is concerned with

adaptation of existing designs. The designer only makes minor
modification in the existing designs of the product.
2. Development design: This type of design needs scientific
training and design ability in order to modify the existing
designs into a new idea by adopting a new material or
different method of manufacture.
3. New design: This type of design needs lot of research,
technical ability and creative thinking. Only those designers
who have personal qualities of a sufficiently high order can
take up the work of a new design.

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Design Considerations

The design of a component or system may be influenced by a number of

requirements.
If a requirement affects design, it is called a design consideration. For example, if
the ability to carry large loads without failure is important, we say that strength is a
design consideration. Most product development projects involve a number of
design considerations:

- Strength/stress - Cost - Thermal properties

- Distortion/stiffness - Processing requirements - Surface finish
- Wear - Weight - Lubrication
- Corrosion - Life - Marketability
- Safety - Noise - Maintenance
- Reliability - Aesthetic considerations - Volume
- Friction - Shape - Liability
- Usability/utility - Size - Scrapping/recyclability

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General Procedure in Machine Design

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Forces and Stresses in machine
elements

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Analysis of forces and stresses acting on the
machine element

 Find the forces acting on each member of the machine

and the energy transmitted by each member.
 Find the size of each member of the machine by
considering the force acting on the member and the
permissible stresses for the material used.
 It should be kept in mind that each member should
not deflect or deform than the permissible limit.

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Material Selection

 Metals  density
 Ferrous/ Non ferrous  Conductivity
 Cast Iron  elasticity
 Steel  plasticity
 Carbon  ductility
 Alloy  brittleness
 toughness (impact)
 plastics
 creep
 ceramics
 composite

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 Detail Drawing and Production

 Draw the detailed drawing of each component and the

assembly of the machine with complete specification for the
manufacturing processes suggest.
 The components, as per the drawing, is manufactured in the
workshop.
 To complete the detailed design stage successfully the designer
should have sound technical knowledge about the machine, its
components, the materials to be used, the available
manufacturing processes, the limitations and capacities of the
machines etc.

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 Skills the Machine Designer should
possess
Some important skills that a good machine designer should possess
are
 Inventiveness
 Engineering analysis
 Interdisciplinary ability
 Mathematical skills
 Engineering science
 Manufacturing processes
 Communication skills
 Decision making

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Economics Feasibility

Strength, safety, reliability, and cost are perhaps the most

important design considerations. In general the design
alternative that satisfies other design considerations at the
lowest costs is to be preferred. Issues affecting the “cost” of
a design include:

• Product development costs

• Material choice
• Manufacturing processes involved
• Economies of scale
• Use of standard sizes and
components

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Safety and Reliability

Safety is paramount, most importantly because it is an ethical

issue.

Safety is also related to function.

Safe designs tend to function well and perform reliably.

The manufacturer of a product is responsible for any damage

or harm that arises due to a defect in the product.

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Steps in Design

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Thank You for
your Attention

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