Correlational Research GROUP 2

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Survey Templates Questionnaire

• The Trend Analysis module allows • Analyzing data from online

you to plot aggregated response surveys is important to
data over time. This is especially understand the numbers
valuable, if you are conducting a before you can claim your
long running survey and would research to be successful.
like to measure differences in Cross tabulation is a tool that
perception and responses over
time. allows you compare the
relationship between two
• variables.
 Trend Analysis - Analyzing Aggregate
Response Data Over Time
• The Trend Analysis module
allows you to plot aggregated
response data over time. This
is especially valuable, if you
are conducting a long running
survey and would like to
measure differences in
perception and responses over
time.
Cross Tabulation Survey
Software Analysis
• Analyzing data from online
surveys is important to
understand the numbers before
you can claim your research to be
successful. Cross tabulation is a
tool that allows you compare the
relationship between two
variables.
•
 Definition with Example
• Correlational research is a type of non-
experimental research method, in which a
researcher measures two variables, understands and
assess the statistical relationship between them
with no influence from any extraneous variable.
• Our mind can do some brilliant things. For
example, it can memorize the jingle of a pizza
truck. Louder the jingle, closer is the pizza truck to
us. Who taught us that? Nobody! We relied on our
understanding and came to a conclusion. We just
don’t stop there, do we? If there are multiple pizza
trucks in the area and each one has a different
jingle. We would be able to memorize it all and
relate the jingle to its pizza truck.
• This is precisely what correlational research is,
establishing a relationship between two variables,
“jingle” and “distance of the truck” in this
particular example. Correlational research is looking
for variables that seem to interact with each other
so that when you see one variable changing, you
have a fair idea how the other variable will change.
• The correlation between two variables is shown through
correlation coefficient (A correlation coefficient is a statistical
measure that calculates the strength of the relationship
between two variables), that is a value measured between -1
and +1. When the correlation coefficient is close to +1 then
there is a positive correlation between the two variables and
the value is close to -1, then there is a negative correlation
between the two variables and when the value is close to zero
then there is no relationship between the two variables.
• Let us take an example to understand correlational research.
• Consider hypothetically, a researcher is studying a correlation
between cancer and marriage. In this study, there are two
variables: cancer and marriage. Let us say marriage has a
negative correlation with cancer. This means that people who
are married are less likely to develop cancer.
• However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that marriage directly
avoids cancer. In correlational research, it is not possible to
establish the fact, what causes what.
 Types of Correlational Research

• Essentially there are three types of correlational research that have been identified:
• 1. Positive correlation: A positive correlation between two variables is when an increase in one
variable leads to an increase in the other variable and a decrease in one variable will see a
decrease in the other variable. For example, the amount of money a person has might positively
correlate with the number of cars he has.
• 2. Negative correlation: A negative correlation is quite literally the opposite of positive
correlation. This means, if there is an increase in one variable, the second variable will show a
decrease and vice versa.
• For example, the level of being educated might negatively correlate with the crime rate when
an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in another and vice versa. This means if in some
ways the level of education in a country is improved, it can lead to lowering the crime rates.
Please note, that this doesn’t mean that lack of education leads to crimes. This means lack of
education and crime is believed to have a common reason: poverty.
• 3. No correlation: In this third type, two variables are not correlated. This means a change in
one variable may not necessarily see a change in the other variable. For example, being a
millionaire and happiness is not correlated. This means an increase in money doesn’t lead to
happiness.
 Population Vs Sample
• Population
The measurable characteristic of the
population like the mean or standard deviation
is known as the parameter.
Population data is a whole and complete set.
A survey done of an entire population is
accurate and more precise with no margin of
error except human inaccuracy in responses.
However, this is not always possible.
The parameter of the population is a
numerical or measurable element that defines
the system of the set.
• Sample
The measurable characteristic of the sample is called a
statistic.
The sample is a subset of the population that is derived using
sampling.
A survey done using a sample of the population bears accurate
results, only after further factoring the margin of
error and confidence interval.
The statistic is the descriptive component of the sample found by
using sample mean or sample proportion.
 Questionpro
• Branching
• Piping data: You can use collected data in the start or due course of the questionnaire to
populate any further survey questions.
• Question randomization: You can change the order in which questions appear. You can also A/B
test different order of questions to see how each of these survey performs.
• Option randomization: You can also randomize the options in the questions to limit survey
responses being copied.
• Duplicate protection: Conduct IP-based or cookie based surveys to collect only one survey from
one computer.
• Link quota: Close the survey automatically after a predefined of completed surveys have been
achieved.
• Soft-required questions: Customize error messages so that the respondent is made aware of in
case any survey gets missed.
• Question based quota: You can also close the survey if a certain number of questions have been
answered or the requisite required number of options in a survey is reached.
Survey Skip Logic and Branching Question Example

• To better depict how the survey skip logic and branching

works, let us consider Kroger conducting a survey with its
patrons to understand the purchasing trends in their
grocery sections. This survey can be conducted across
the country and across demographics to collect deeper
insights into the purchasing psyche. This can help tailor
make messaging, advertising and offers to those
demographics. The question can be asked as below:
•
Organization
• The College of Saint Scholastica.
•
Project Abstract-Empirical Psychology Research dedicated to
assessing non-chemical addictions in adolescents between the
ages of 13 and 16. Non-chemical addiction to be addressed is
cellphone use.

Project Description
• Empirical Research.