READING & WRITING

STRATEGIES ACROSS TEXT

TYPES

Text as Connected Discourse

 8/1

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the session, we are expected to:

1. Describes a written text as connected

discourse (EN11/12RWS-IIIa-1)
 The Road Not Taken (An Excerpt)
By Robert Frost

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
Hi, Mom! Sorry I only checked my email now. It has
been crazy lately. I have been working on several
course requirements since last week. How are you
and Dad?
Please tell him I said hi and I miss him. Anyway, I
got accepted for internship in an accounting firm.
Can you believe it?
Finally! My internship starts this October. I will let
you know about the details soon.
What did you noticed in the
following selections?
 TEXT vs. DISCOURSE

TEXT
 Is a large unit of written language.
 Is the “data” in which ideas are presented in
print form. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
 Is made up of sentences having the property
of grammatical cohesion.
 Is this a text?

Qeworqoiutiqv oiqn
uiuw9v590q38c9r0eroinbtpu09c9
we mf9en 8 b3bq4i 09
Is this a text?
 Is this a text?

No Smoking
 TEXT vs. DISCOURSE

DISCOURSE
 the use of words to exchange thoughts and
ideas in an orderly and organized manner.
 the expression of ideas.
 is made up of utterances having the
property of coherence.
 It can be a talk, speech, discussion or
conversation.
 Is this a discourse?

Mt. Makulot View Resort is famous for its

breathtaking and inspiring scene.
 The Road Not Taken (An Excerpt)
By Robert Frost

I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
 Is this a discourse?
Directions:
How to Cook Chicken Adobo
First, combine the vinegar, soy sauce,
Ingredients: peppercorns, garlic, bay leaves, and
chicken thighs in a large pot. Cover and
4 to 5 pounds chicken thighs let the chicken marinate in the refrigerator
for around one to three hours.
1/2 cup soy sauce
Next, bring the chicken to a boil over high
1/2 cup white vinegar heat.

4 cloves of crushed garlic Afterward, lower the heat, cover, and let
the chicken simmer for half an hour. Stir
1 teaspoon black peppercorns occasionally.
Remove the lid and simmer for around 20
3 bay leaves minutes or until the sauce thickens and
the chicken becomes tender.
Finally, turn off the heat and serve the
adobo with rice.
Therefore, text is a connected discourse
because it has a structure which require
the ideas in the discourse to be relevant to
each other.
Ideas are connected to each other so the
readers will be able to understand the
main point in the text.
 Discourse Markers or Conjunctions
are words that join together
sentences, clauses, phrases or words.
are linking devices—help connect
ideas to form a logical text.
Discourse Markers or
Conjunctions
F- for B- but
A- and O- or
N- nor Y- yet
S- so
Discourse Markers or
Conjunctions
For- use to present a reason.
And- use to present non contrasting/ same ideas
Nor- use to present non contrasting negative
ideas
But- use to present contrast or exception.
Or- Use to present alternative item or idea.
Yet- present a contrast or exemption
So- present a consequence.
Examples:

1. I have a pencil and an eraser.

2. He fell into the stair but was not hurt.
3. We could not sleep for the reason that it
was too hot.
4. It was raining, so the game was
cancelled.
5. Do you prefer coffee or a tea?
Examples:

6. I will not go if Cindy goes.

7. Your proposal might be sound, yet we
will have to raise the funds required for its
realization.
8. Nor Arnold neither Aron, both of them
are not qualified in the basketball team.
Exercise no. 1

In a ½ sheet of paper, write 2

sentences using the FAN
BOYS