4G-TECHNOLOGY

CONTENTS

•Introduction
•What is 4G?
•Evolution of 4G
•A look at fundamental requirements
•Evolution of processors and DSP Technology
for 4G
•The 3G
•The 4G
CONTENTS:
• 3G:Some unfinished Business
• 4G Wireless: one view
• Path Losses And fading challenge
• Which countries have 4G?
• Infrastructure for 4G
• 4G in India
• 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon
become the standard for cellular wireless

• The technology is currently available in

some countries but it is still being
perfected

• The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband

speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per
second
• 4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation
Technology. It is basically the extension in the 3G
technology with more bandwidth and services offers
in the 3G.
• Will allow users to download a full-length
feature film within five minutes
• Will also be able to stream high-definition
television and radio to hand-held devices
• The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in
data transfer and signal quality
• The highest download and upload speed in 3G
are 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively
• In 4G the download speed is up to 100 Mbps
for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary
users
• 4G is adoption of packet switching instead of
circuit switching in voice and video calls
• With packet switching, resources are only used
when there is information to be sent across
• 4G uses spiral multiplexing
• The first commercial deployment was by Telia
Sonera and NetCom

• Telia Sonera branded the network “4G”

• The modem devices on offer were

manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)

• The network infrastructure were created by

Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)
A Look at Fundamental
Requirements

Human Sense
Sound Sight Knowledge
↓ Network Generation
1G-2G Voice - Low Speed Data
3G Voice Images Hypertext (HT)

Files (Speech, HT,

4G Voice, Speech Video
Video)

Typical Bandwidth 10-80 Kbps 1 - 20 Mbps 0.5-10 Mbps

Required Latency <160 ms <100 ms <5 s
Principal Application Communication Entertainment Information
 The 3G

Large Coverage
Outdoor - High Mobility
Up to 14Mbps
 The 4G
Macro Cells Pico Cells

Isolated HotSpots – 1Gbps Coverage

Indoor – Very Low Mobility
Large Coverage – 100Mbps Coverage
Outdoor - High Mobility

• What we need
o Adaptive high performance transmission system
o Great candidate for SDR
 3G: Some Unfinished Business

Technical Financial

• Improved coverage • Balance sheet cleanup

(e.g., residences) (debt reduction)

• Inter technology roaming • Capacity Utilization

• Inter carrier compensation • Business Models for

(esp. data services) New Services
 4G Wireless: One View

• 4G WOFDM high speed downlink “a

wireless cable modem”

• Complement to EDGE/UMTS

• High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) in

a 5 MHz channel

• spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz

• 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink,
downlink, control and signalling
Path Loss and Fading Challenge

Reflected
signals
Delay arrive spread
Spread out
over 5 to 20
Path microsecond
Loss
path loss up to
~ 150 dB
(that is a 1
followed
by 15 zeroes)
Rayleigh
Fading
rapid fading of 20 to 30 dB
(power varies by 100 to 1000 times
in level at rates of about 100 times per
second)
• Except for the Scandinavian countries, a
few countries have started the 4G
commercially

• In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the

service last year

• Countries expected to launch 4G by this

year are Germany, Spain, China, Japan
and England
• There are three primary technologies that
support 4G – WiMax, LTE, and UMB
• The main doubt is whether to implement
WiMax or LTE
• The advantages of LTE are:
(i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download
and 50 Mbps for upload
(ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot
(iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing
• Has already begun the process of
introducing 4G
• India is among the latecomers in 3G
• It is felt that by the time the implement 3G
fully, 4G technologies such as LTE will be
available commercially
• It has taken three years for the
government to decide on 3G-spectrum
auction policy
• 4G could face the same delay unless
India wants to catch up with the rest of the
world
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