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INTEGERS
3 + 2 = 5
-3 + -2 = -5
3 + -2 = 1
Ex: Now consider the addition -3 + 2
Again illustrate the addition using solid and
hollow dots
-3 + 2 = -1
To recap:
• 3+2=5 same sign addends
• -3 + (-2) = -5
• 3 + (-2) = 1 different sign addends
• -3 + 2 = - 1
Can we describe a general rule for adding integers?
We see two cases: same sign addends
different sign addends
Addition of Integers
When the addends have the same sign:
Add the absolute value of the addends.
The sign of the sum will be the common
sign of the addends.
positive
negative
Ex: Model the addition 3 + 2 using the number
line to find the sum.
0 5
-5 0
0 1
-1 0
-2 0
5 + -3 = 2
Practice problems on handout
Subtraction of Integers
Ex: Consider the subtraction 3 – 2
Subtraction is defined to be
adding the opposite.
3 – 2 = 1
-3 –– -2 = -1
2 – 3 = - 1 2 + -3 = - 1
Ex: Use the definition of subtraction to illustrate the
subtraction -2 – 3.
-2 –– 3 -2 + -3
Change subtraction to
adding the opposite,
2 – (-3) 2 + (+3) = 5
Subtraction of Integers
positive
negative
0 1
0 5
-1 0
-5 0
+ +
3x2= 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
We conceptually understand the repeated addition
of a positive number.
Ex: Model the multiplication 3 x (-2) using dots
+ +
3 x (-2) = -2 + -2 + -2 = -6
We conceptually understand the repeated addition
of a negative number.
But, what does -3 x 2 mean?
What does negative three groups of 2 represent?
+ +
-3 x 2 = -2 + -2 + -2 = -6
Ex: Model the multiplication -3 x (-2) using dots
+ +
-3 x (-2) = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6
To recap:
• 3x2=6 same sign factors
• -3 x (-2) = 6
• -3 x 2 = -6 different sign factors
• 3 x (-2) = -6
Form 3 groups.