Industrial Training Briefing

Important Information

By
R.Madhesh (AC16UME088)
 Content
• Introduction
• Important Details of Industrial Training
• Pre-Industrial Training
• During Industrial Training
• Assessment
• After Industrial Training
2
 Introduction
• Main aims of industrial training:
• As part of the requirement for degree program
• To learn to apply theoretical knowledge onto
practical problems and applications
• To gain working experience

3
 Things to Do 1
• Read through and understand all company
regulations
• Obey all company regulations
• Be punctual
• Dress smart and neat
• Be respectful and friendly to all colleagues
• Always be positive and proactive
• Be helpful whenever possible 4
 Things to Do 2
• Listen carefully to any briefing / instructions
• Try to complete all given tasks within the
allocated time limit
• Document your work properly
• Keep company confidential matters or
information secret
• Appreciate your chance to train at the company
• Keep your work station tidy and clean
5
 Things to Do 3
• Keep yourself safe from danger at the workplace
• Avoid situations that may put yourself in danger
• Be aware of your rights and privileges

6
COMPANY PROFILE
 SUPERCOAT PAINTS PVT LTD is a foremost name
among the leading manufacturers and suppliers of
Decorative Paints and Undercoats for interior &
exterior walls. Established in 1988, the company has
been soaring new heights of success. The rich
experience of owner, Mr. D. Shivaram has lead us
to success. His belief in following the ethical practices
has earned the company a reliable name among the
Textured Exterior Paint Manufacturers in Bangalore
and Chennai
.
7
Contd…
 Infrastructure
We have a state of the art
infrastructure, which is well
complemented by the technologically
advanced tools and machinery. Our
manufacturing unit is ideal for
producing qualitative products. Hi tech
machinery employed by us ensures the
superior quality of our products.
8
Contd..
 Quality Assurance
We have employed a Quality Testing
Unit, which ensures that the quality is
maintained at par with the international
standards. We are well equipped with
the latest equipment required for the
testing of raw materials and finished
products.
9
Contd..
 Clientele
Since its inception, the company has followed
a customer centric approach. Identification of
customers’ needs and serving them with
satisfaction has been the utmost priority. The
vast clientele is an outcome of our prompt
services. Over the years, we have well
cemented ourselves among the principal
manufacturers and suppliers of Acrylic
Emulsion Paints and Acrylic Washable
Distemper. 10
Company details
 Name of CEO :Mr. D. Shivaram
 Year of Establishment :1988
 Nature of Business:Manufacturer
 Number of Employees:4000
 Annual Sales:600 Lakhs
 Market Covered:Domestic

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PRODUCTS PRODUCED
 ACRYLLIC INTERIOR EMULSION
 SYNTHETIC PRIMER
 METALLIC EMULSION PAINT
 INTERIOR EMULSION PAINT
 EXTERIOR EMULSION PAINTS
 ACRYLLIC WASHABLE DISTEMBER
 ACRYLLIC WALL PUTTY
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CONTD…
 ACRYLLIC EXTERIOR EMULSION PAINT
 ACRYLLIC CEMENT PRIMER
 TEXTURED EXTERIOR PAINT

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OBJECTIVES
 To get a exposure of working of an
organization
 To relate theoretical concepts and
organizational functioning
 To learn real life application
management

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What is Paint ?
 Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition
that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer,
converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to
protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint can
be made or purchased in many colors—and in many
different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc.
Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid,
but most types dry into a solid.

19
Contd…
 Thermosetting mechanisms: Paints that cure by polymerization are generally one- or two-package
coatings that polymerize by way of a chemical reaction, and cure into a crosslinked film. Depending on
composition they may need to dry first, by evaporation of solvent. Classic two-
package epoxies or polyurethanes would fall into this category.[11]
 The "drying oils", counter-intuitively, actually cure by a crosslinking reaction even if they are not put
through an oven cycle and seem to simply dry in air. The film formation mechanism of the simplest
examples involve first evaporation of solvents followed by reaction with oxygen from the environment over
a period of days, weeks and even months to create a crosslinked network.[5] Classic alkyd enamels would
fall into this category. Oxidative cure coatings are catalyzed by metal complex driers such as cobalt
naphthenate.
 Recent environmental requirements restrict the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and alternative
means of curing have been developed, generally for industrial purposes. UV curing paints, for example,
enable formulation with very low amounts of solvent, or even none at all. This can be achieved because of
the monomers and oligomers used in the coating have relatively very low molecular weight, and are
therefore low enough in viscosity to enable good fluid flow without the need for additional thinner. If
solvent is present in significant amounts, generally it is mostly evaporated first and then crosslinking is
initiated by ultraviolet light. Similarly, powder coatings contain little or no solvent. Flow and cure are
produced by heating of the substrate after electrostatic application of the dry powder.[12]
 Combination mechanisms: So-called "catalyzed" lacquers" or "crosslinking latex" coatings are designed
to form films by a combination of methods: classic drying plus a curing reaction that benefits from the
catalyst. There are paints called plastisols/organosols, which are made by blending PVC granules with a
plasticiser. These are stoved and the mix coalesces.

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Contd.
 Additives[edit]
 Besides the three main categories of ingredients, paint can have a wide
variety of miscellaneous additives, which are usually added in small
amounts, yet provide a significant effect on the product. Some
examples include additives to modify surface tension, improve flow
properties, improve the finished appearance, increase wet edge,
improve pigment stability, impart antifreeze properties, control
foaming, control skinning, etc. Other types of additives
include catalysts, thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers, texturizers,
adhesion promoters, UV stabilizers, flatteners (de-glossing agents),
biocides to fight bacterial growth, and the like.
 Additives normally do not significantly alter the percentages of
individual components in a formulation.[17]

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What science is in it?
 Thermoplastic mechanisms: Some films are formed by simple cooling of the binder. For
example, encaustic or wax paints are liquid when warm, and harden upon cooling. In many cases, they
resoften or liquify if reheated.
 Paints that dry by solvent evaporation and contain the solid binder dissolved in a solvent are known as
lacquers. A solid film forms when the solvent evaporates. Because no chemical crosslinking is involved, the
film can re-dissolve in solvent; as such, lacquers are unsuitable for applications where chemical resistance
is important. Classic nitrocellulose lacquers fall into this category, as do non-grain raising stains composed
of dyes dissolved in solvent. Performance varies by formulation, but lacquers generally tend to have
better UV resistance and lower corrosion resistance than comparable systems that cure by polymerization
or coalescence.
 The paint type known as Emulsion in the UK and Latex in the United States is a water-borne dispersion of
sub-micrometer polymer particles. These terms in their respective countries cover all paints that use
synthetic polymers such as acrylic, vinyl acrylic (PVA), styrene acrylic, etc. as binders.[10] The term "latex"
in the context of paint in the United States simply means an aqueous dispersion; latex rubber from the
rubber tree is not an ingredient. These dispersions are prepared by emulsion polymerization. Such paints
cure by a process called coalescence where first the water, and then the trace, or coalescing, solvent,
evaporate and draw together and soften the binder particles and fuse them together into irreversibly
bound networked structures, so that the paint cannot redissolve in the solvent/water that originally carried
it. The residual surfactants in paint, as well as hydrolytic effects with some polymers cause the paint to
remain susceptible to softening and, over time, degradation by water. The general term of latex paint is
usually used in the United States, while the term emulsion paint is used for the same products in the UK
and the term latex paint is not used at all.

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New technology in it
 Color-changing paint[edit]
 Various technologies exist for making paints that change color. Thermochromic paints and coatings contain
materials that change conformation when heat is applied or removed, and so they change color. Liquid
crystals have been used in such paints, such as in the thermometer strips and tapes used in aquaria and
novelty/promotional thermal cups and straws. These materials are used to make eyeglasses.
 Color-changing paints can also be made by adding halochrome compounds or other organic pigments. One
patent[18] cites use of these indicators for wall coating applications for light colored paints. When the paint
is wet it is pink in color but upon drying it regains its original white color. As cited in patent, this property
of the paint enabled two or more coats to be applied on a wall properly and evenly. The previous coats
having dried would be white whereas the new wet coat would be distinctly pink. Ashland Inc. introduced
foundry refractory coatings with similar principle in 2005[19][20] for use in foundries.
 Electrochromic paints change color in response to an applied electric current. Car manufacturer Nissan has
been reportedly working on an electrochromic paint, based on particles of paramagnetic iron oxide. When
subjected to an electromagnetic field the paramagnetic particles change spacing, modifying their color and
reflective properties. The electromagnetic field would be formed using the conductive metal of the car
body.[21] Electrochromic paints can be applied to plastic substrates as well, using a different coating
chemistry. The technology involves using special dyes that change conformation when an electric current
is applied across the film itself. This new technology has been used to achieve glare protection at the
touch of a button in passenger airplane windows.

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How is it maunifactured
 Raw Materials
 A paint is composed of pigments, solvents, resins, and various
additives. The pigments give the paint color; solvents make it easier to
apply; resins help it dry; and additives serve as everything from fillers
to antifungicidal agents. Hundreds of different pigments, both natural
and synthetic, exist. The basic white pigment is titaniumdioxide,
selected for its excellent concealing properties, and black pigment is
commonly made from carbon black. Other pigments used to make
paint include iron oxide and cadmium sulfide for reds, metallic salts for
yellows and oranges, and iron blue and chrome yellows for blues and
greens.

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 Solvents are various low viscosity, volatile liquids. They include petroleum
mineral spirits and aromatic solvents such as benzol, alcohols, esters, ketones,
and acetone. The natural resins most commonly used are lin-seed, coconut, and
soybean oil, while alkyds, acrylics, epoxies, and polyurethanes number among
the most popular synthetic resins. Additives serve many purposes. Some, like
calcium carbonate and aluminum silicate, are simply fillers that give the paint
body and substance without changing its properties. Other additives produce
certain desired characteristics
 Paint canning is a completely automated process. For the standard 8 pint paint
can available to consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels,
then set upright so that the point can be pumped into them. One machine
places lids onto the filled cans while a second machine presses on the lids to
seal the cons. From wire that is fed into it from coils, a bailometer cuts and
shapes the handles before hooking them into holes precut in the cans.
 in paint, such as the thixotropic agents that give paint its smooth texture, driers,
anti-settling agents, anti-skinning agents, defoamers, and a host of others that
enable paint to cover well and last long.
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 The Manufacturing
Process
 Making the paste
 1 Pigment manufacturers send bags of
fine grain pigments to paint plants.
There, the pigment is premixed with
resin (a wetting agent that assists in
moistening the pigment), one or more
solvents, and additives to form a paste.26
 Dispersing the pigment
 2 The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer
paints is now routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that
agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment
particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout
the mixture. The mixture is then filtered to remove the sand
particles.
 3 Instead of being processed in sand mills, up to 90 percent of
the water-based latex paints designed for use by individual
homeowners are instead processed in a high-speed dispersion
tank. There, the premixed paste is subjected to high-speed
agitation by a circular, toothed blade attached to a rotating
shaft. This process blends the pigment into the solvent.

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 Thinning the paste
 4 Whether created by a sand mill or a
dispersion tank, the paste must now be
thinned to produce the final product.
Transferred to large kettles, it is
agitated with the proper amount of
solvent for the type of paint desired.


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 Canning the paint
 5 The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning
room. For the standard 8 pint (3.78 liter) paint can available to
consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels,
then set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A
machine places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine
presses on the lids to seal them. From wire that is fed into it
from coils, a bailometer cuts and shapes the handles before
hooking them into holes precut in the cans. A certain number of
cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being
sent to the warehouse.

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 Quality Control
 Paint manufacturers utilize an extensive array of
quality control measures. The ingredients and the
manufacturing process undergo stringent tests, and
the finished product is checked to insure that it is of
high quality. A finished paint is inspected for its
density, fineness of grind, dispersion, and viscosity.
Paint is then applied to a surface and studied for
bleed resistance, rate of drying, and texture.


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 Byproducts/Waste
 A recent regulation (California Rule 66) concerning the emission of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) affects the paint industry, especially manufacturers of industrial oil-
based paints. It is estimated that all coatings, including stains and varnishes, are
responsible for 1.8 percent of the 2.3 million metric tons of VOCs released per year. The
new regulation permits each liter of paint to contain no more than 250 grams (8.75 ounces)
of solvent. Paint manufacturers can replace the solvents with pigment, fillers, or other solids
inherent to the basic paint formula. This method produces thicker paints that are harder to
apply, and it is not yet known if such paints are long lasting. Other solutions include using
paint powder coatings that use no solvents, applying paint in closed systems from which
VOCs can be retrieved, using water as a solvent, or using acrylics that dry
under ultraviolet light or heat. A consumer with some unused paint on hand can return it to
the point of purchase for proper treatment.
 A large paint manufacturer will have an in-house wastewater treatment facility that treats
all liquids generated on-site, even storm water run-off. The facility is monitored 24 hours a
day, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does a periodic records and systems
check of all paint facilities. The liquid portion of the waste is treated on-site to the
standards of the local publicly owned wastewater treatment facility; it can be used to make
low-quality paint. Latex sludge can be retrieved and used as fillers in other industrial
products. Waste solvents can be recovered and used as fuels for other industries. A clean
paint container can be reused or sent to the local landfill. 31

Thank you for your time and
attention!

All is well