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Overview
N762 N990
(80nm) (280nm)
140
N343 N121
N650
OAN (DBP) ABSORPTION (ml/100g)
40
N990
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
NITROGEN SURFACE AREA (m2/g)
Mixing temp.
Dispersion
Viscosity
Green Strength
Extrusion Quality
Scorch Safety
Elongation
Hardness
Tear resistance
Compression set
Heat build up
Abrasion resistance
Resilience
• Reduced cost
cis–1,4 Isomer
• 1,4 structure means that ‘C’ atoms 1
-CH2 CH2- and 4 are joined in forming the chain
C=C
• In the cis-1,4 structure both carbon
CH3 H atoms 1,4 forming the chain are on
the same side of the double bond
Natural Rubber:
• Crystallizes on stretching, resulting in:
• high gum tensile strength
• high tensile strength/elongation @ break
• very high tear strength & hot tear resistance
• excellent De Mattia cut growth resistance
• Gives a glass transition temp (Tg) of approximately -75°C
• Has high resilience
• Has excellent tack & green strength properties
• Imparts low damping (hysteresis) and low heat build-up in
dynamic deformation
• Is unsaturated (double bonds), resulting in poor resistance
to:
• Heat aging
• Ozone
• Oils and hydrocarbons
12 Cancarb July 3, 2019
Applications of Natural Rubber
Nitrile Structure
butadiene acrylonitrile
-
- CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 + - CH2 - CH -
CN
Polymer Unit
Increases
Density
Processability
Oil/fuel resistance
Thermoplasticity
Stiffness
Tensile
Abrasion resistance
As ACN Increases
Heat – aging resistance
Decreases
Resilience
Air/gas permeability
Increases
Acceptance of fillers/plasticizers
Mixing temp
Sheet formation time on mill
Mill shrinkage
Green strength
Modulus
As Mooney Increases
Decreases
Porosity
Compression set
Nitrile Rubber:
• Belting – NBR
Blending with Thermax N990 helps improve scorch safety during extrusion due
to lower heat development. Higher filler loading improves over all extrusion
properties and sealing with end couplings
23 Cancarb July 3, 2019
Hydrogenated NBR (HNBR)
HNBR Range
~ 85 to 99+ 17 to 50 50 to 150
Tensile 1 3 3 7
Heat Resistance 3 3 1 1
Comp. Set 2 2 1 1
Low Temp 3 5 7 1
Gear Oil 1 1 4 7
ASTM Oil #1 1 3 4 7
Sour Gasoline 2 5 1 7
*99+ % Hydrogenation
26 Cancarb July 3, 2019
Applications of HNBR
• ‘O’ rings
• Rollers
• Both NBR and PVC are polar which makes them very
compatible, typically a 70/30 ratio
Polychloroprene Structure
-CH2 H
CH2 = C – CH = CH2
C=C
Cl
Cl CH2-
Polychloroprene Rubber:
• Adhesives – polarity-bonding
• Automotive seals
High loading of Thermax® reduces the polymer content (cost savings) which
helps for low noise and gives a “clean” product & surface finish
Fluoroelastomer Structure
Fluoroelastomers:
• Can be compounded to provide high heat resistance and thermal
stability
• Have excellent oil & gasoline resistance
• Have excellent hydrocarbon-based solvent resistance
• Have very good impermeability
• Are flame resistant
• Are resistant to weathering
• Have excellent compression set resistance
• Are expensive
• Tend to have high Mooney viscosities which accelerate heat build-
up when mixing
Structure
CH3
|
CH2 = CH2 + CH = CH2 + A Diene Monomer
Ethylene Propylene
Automotive industry
• Extruded Profiles – solid and sponge
• Hoses – Radiator and Heater
• Seals and grommets
Appliance Industry
• Washing machine parts – gaskets, elbows and hoses
Construction Industry
• Glass profiles
• Flooring
• Membranes
• Roofing
Electrical Industry
• Low and Medium voltage cabling – cable jackets
Chemical Industry
• Hoses
• Seals
ML 1+4@100°C 19
Cure time 15’@160
Specific Gravity 0.52
Properties
• Excellent resistance to weather, ozone, sunlight, oxidation,
alkalies and acids
• Good resistance to oil and gasoline
• Good flame resistance, abrasion resistance
• It is close to polychloroprene in most properties but superior
in resistance to acids, alkalies, solvents, Ozone and oxidation
with better color stability
Grades
• Depending on the Cl content, range 24% to 43%, ‘S’ content
around 1%, varying Mooney
• Increasing Cl content give oil and flame resistance
Structure
CH3 CH3
| |
- CH2 – C -
|
+ - CH2 – C = CH - CH2 -
CH3
Isobutylene Isoprene
• Low unsaturation makes Butyl more resistant to heat ageing and to attacks
by acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, ozone, water and steam, than general
purpose polymers such as SBR, BR and NR
• Butyl has low resilience and very poor resistance to compression set, oil and
hydrocarbon based solvents
• Low unsaturation slows the compound cure rate and reduces Butyl’s
compatibility with the more unsaturated rubbers such as NR, SBR and BR.
Even small amount mixed in with these rubbers gives a disastrous effect on
compound properties
Isoprene Halobutyl
CH3 CH3 CH2
| Add X2 | + ||
- Minus H
-CH2-C=CH-CH2- (-CH2-C-CH-CH2-) + (X ) (-CH2-C-CH-CH2-) + (HX)
+
X=Cl or Br | |
X X
• Virtually all halogenation takes place at the isoprene portions of the IIR
Chains which represent approximately 2.0 mole% of the IIR Co-Polymer