Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Formal Dynamic
• Focuses on the message • Based on equivalent effect
itself on both form and
content
• It allows the reader to • The relationship between
understand as much of the receiver and message
source language context as should be the same as that
possible between original receiver
and the source language
message
Loss and gain
coming to the conclusion that full equivalence is impossible, the question of Loss
and Gain arises
• Authors have often focused on what is gained and ignored what is lost in the
process of translation
• The loss can be on both levels, linguistic and cultural