MALARIA CONTROL

PROGRAMME

Rohit .C
Malaria
Burden-
Poverty
Global Magnitude of
Burden

40% of the world’s population

are at risk
300 million acute illness
(annually)
One million death (annually)
 Economic Costs of
Malaria
Malaria is disease of poverty and cause
of poverty
Major constraint of Economic
Development
Annual economic growth in countries
with high malaria transmission is lower
than countries without malaria
Severely restrains the economic growth
 Influence on Social and
Economic Decisions
Undeveloped tourist industry due to
reluctance of travelers to visit
Undeveloped markets due to traders
unwillingness to invest in malarious
areas
Preference by individual
farmers/households to plant subsistence
crops rather than more labour-intensive
cash crops because of malaria’s impact
on labour during harvest season
 Role of Private Sector
Local and International businesses
operating in malarious areas are also
learning that support for malaria control
not only reduces levels of absenteeism
and lost productivity, but also boosts
labour, community and government
relations
In the long term increased productivity
will encourage market expansion, boost
household spending and change
consumption patterns.
 Ways of Private Participation
Contributing Capital to scale-up current
programmes or create new ones
Assisting in the research and development of new
interventions and treatments of malaria
Providing management and business expertise to
stimulate the market for ITMNs & Antimalarial
drugs
Using their network of distribution channels to
carry life-saving medicines and prevention
measures to remote communities
Using their marketing and PR expertise to assist
public education campaigns
WHO/TDR and MMV(Medicines for Malaria Venture)
 India Magnitude of
Burden
Two Million cases per year
1000 deaths per year
States with major death rate (70%)
AP, MS, MP, Rajasthan, Chattishgarh,
Gujarat, Jharkhand, Orissa
History of Malaria Programme
1946-India started using DDT
1953-NMCP Started
1958-NMCP-NMEP
1959-Vector Resistance detected
1965-Re-emergence of malaria
1976-Peak of malaria cases
1977-India starts MPO
1991-Peak of P. falciparum cases
1994-Large scale epidemics (Eastern
India/Western Rajasthan)
2000-NMEP-NAMP
 Malaria Parasites
Plasmodium Vivax-May cause relapsing
malaria but seldom death (50-55% of total
reported cases)
P. falciparum-malignant malaria-death
(48-52% of total cases)
P.malariae-may cause severe malaria
(small numbers found in foothills of Orissa)
P. ovale (not found in India)
 Current Malaria Control
Strategies
EDPT-Relief and reduce reservoir
Selective Vector Control Methods-
Insecticide Spray/Larvivorous Fish
ITMN
IEC-Community Participation &
Intersectoral Collaboration
Capacity Building of Optimal Utilization
of the technical manpower
2002-2003:Rs.203 Crores (2003 million)
Economic Loss of Malaria
Burden
1990-1993: $630 million
(Sharma,1996)
70-80% of the malaria control money
is spent on insecticides (Dhingra et
al., 1998)
 Financing
Cost sharing between Centre & State
(Except 7 N.E. States)
Central Govt.-Technical Guidance &
Assistance in the form of
kind(insecticides, anti malarial
drugs,Training,IEC)
State Govt.-responsible for programme
implementation
 ITMN AS A STRATEGY

1990-Trials demonstrated the

effectiveness of nets treated with
pyrethroid
Issues
Community Financing
Affordability by reducing/abolishing
taxes and tariffs on insecticides,
mosquitonets and other associated
materials used
 Gender and Equity
Issues
Women with low access to financial
resources may delay in seeking the
treatment
Similarly care for Children falls on
mothers
Difficulty in financing the treatment
for fever during illness
 Challenges

Ecological changes
Decrease in Public Financing
Centre: State 50:50
ITMN-Availability & Affordability
Drugs & Medicines
Manpower
THANK YOU