1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas

Even / Odd Identities: For all applicable angles,

cos(-θ) = cos(θ) sec(-θ) = sec(θ)

sin(-θ) = -sin(θ) csc(-θ) = -csc(θ)
tan(-θ) = -tan(θ) cot(-θ) = -cot(θ)

Sum and Difference Identities for Cosine:

For all angles A and B,

cos(A + B) = cos(A) cos(B) - sin(A) sin(B)

cos(A - B) = cos(A) cos(B) + sin(A) sin(B)

1. Find the exact value of cos (15°).

cos (15°) = cos (45° - 30°)

cos(A - B) = cos(A) cos(B) + sin(A) sin(B)

cos(45° - 30°) = cos(45°) cos(30°) + sin(45°) sin(30°)

2 3 2 1
= · + ·
2 2 2 2
6 2
= +
4 4

6+ 2
=
4
 𝜋
2. Verify the identity: cos − θ = sin(θ).
2

cos(A - B) = cos(A) cos(B) + sin(A) sin(B)

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos − θ = cos cos(θ) + sin sin(θ)
2 2 2

= 0 · cos(θ) + 1 · sin(θ)

= sin(θ)
 7π
Find the exact value of cos .
12

7𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos = cos +
12 4 3
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos + = cos cos - sin sin
4 3 4 3 4 3

2 1 2 3
= · - ·
2 2 2 2

2 6
= -
4 4
2− 6
=
4
Sum and Difference Identities for Sine:
For all angles A and B,

sin(A + B) = sin(A) cos(B) + cos(A) sin(B)

sin(A - B) = sin(A) cos(B) - cos(A) sin(B)

𝜋
Find the exact value of sin .
12
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin = sin −
12 4 6

sin(A - B) = sin(A) cos(B) - cos(A) sin(B)

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin − = sin cos - cos sin
4 6 4 6 4 6
2 3 21 6− 2
= − =
2 2 2 2 4
 19π
Find the exact value of sin .
12
19π
sin = sin (285°) = - sin (75°) = - sin (45° + 30°)
12

sin(A + B) = sin(A) cos(B) + cos(A) sin(B)

π π π π π π
-sin + = − sin cos + cos sin
4 6 4 6 4 6
2 3 21
=− +
2 2 2 2

6 2
=− +
4 4

6+ 2 − 6− 2
=− =
4 4
Find the exact value of:

sin 42° cos 12° - cos 42° sin 12°

sin(A) cos(B) - cos(A) sin(B) = sin(A - B)

= sin(42° - 12°)

= sin(30°)
1
=
2
Suppose that A and B are both in the third quadrant and that
3 1
sin A = − and sin B = − . Determine the value of cos (A + B).
2 2

cos(A + B) = cos(A) cos(B) - sin(A) sin(B)

3 1
sin A = − sin B = −
2 2
sin2 A + cos2A = 1 1 3 3 1
cos(A + B) = - − - − −
2 2 2 2
cos A = 1 − sin2 A
cos(A + B) = 0
3 1
cos A = 1− cos B = 1−
4 4
1 3
cos A = cos B =
4 4
1 3
cos A = - cos B = -
2 2
 5
If A is a Quadrant II angle and sin A = , and B is a Quadrant III
13
angle with tan B = 2 , find sin (A - B).

sin(A - B) = sin(A) cos(B) - cos(A) sin(B)

sin B
sin2 A+ cos2A =1 2= sin B = 2cos B
cos B
5
cos A = 1 − sin2 A sin B = 2 −
sin B = 2cos B 5

25 sin2 B + cos2B = 1 2 5
cos A = 1− sin B = -
5
169
4cos2 B + cos2B = 1
12 1
cos A = - (Q II) cos2B =
13 5
tan B = 2 5
cos B = - (Q III)
sin B 5
tan B =
cos B
sin(A - B) = sin(A) cos(B) - cos(A) sin(B)

5 5 12 2 5
= − - − −
13 5 13 5

5 5 24 5
=− −
65 65
29 5
=−
65
 tan (A) + tan (B)
tan (A + B) =
1 − tan (A) tan (B)

tan (A) − tan (B)

tan (A - B) =
1+ tan (A) tan (B)

𝜋 𝜋
Find the exact value of tan + .
6 4

tan (A) + tan (B) 3 3+3

tan (A + B) = +1 3
1 − tan (A) tan (B) = 3 =
3 3− 3
tan 𝜋
+ tan 𝜋 1− 3
𝜋 𝜋 6 4 3
tan + =
6 4 1 − tan 𝜋
tan 𝜋
6 4 3+3
= =2+ 3
3− 3
 24
If A is a Quadrant I angle and tan A = , and B is a Quadrant III
7
8
angle with sin B = - , find tan (A - B).
17
tan (A) + tan (B) 24 − 8
tan (A - B) =
1 + tan (A) tan (B)
tan (A - B) = 7 15
1 + 24 8
225 7 15
sin2B + cos2B = 1 cos B =
289
cos B = 1 − sin2 B 15 360 − 56
cos B = - (Q III) 105
17 =
1 + 192
2 sin B 105
8 tan B =
cos B = 1 − − cos B
17 304
= 105
− 8 105 +192
64 8
cos B = 1 − tan B = 17 = 15 105
289 − 15
17 304
=
297
 8
sin B = -
17
24 − 8
tan (A - B) = 7 15
-15 B
1 + 24 8
7 15
-8
17 360 − 56
= 105
1 + 192
x= 172 – (−8)2 105
304
x = (-)15 (negative x-axis) = 105
105 +192
8 105
tan B = +
15 304
=
297
QUIZ