SOLID MENSURATION

PLANE FIGURES
SOLID GEOMETRY
PLANE FIGURES
Q U A DRILAT ERALS
PO LYG ONS
T HE C IRC L E
QUADRILATERALS
QUADRILATERALS
Quadrilateral is a polygon of four sides and four vertices. It is also called
tetragon and quadrangle. In the triangle, the sum of the interior angles is 180°;
for quadrilaterals the sum of the interior angles is always equal to 360°
QUADRILATERALS

There are two broad classifications of quadrilaterals; simple and complex. The sides of
simple quadrilaterals do not cross each other while two sides of complex quadrilaterals
cross each other.
QUADRILATERALS
Simple quadrilaterals are further classified into two: convex and concave. Convex if
none of the sides pass through the quadrilateral when prolonged while concave if the
prolongation of any one side will pass inside the quadrilateral.
QUADRILATERALS
QUADRILATERALS
Perimeter, P (applicable to all quadrilaterals, simple and complex)

Area, A

Where:
s = semi perimeter = ½P
φ = ½ (A + C) = ½ (B + D)
QUADRILATERALS

The area can also be expressed in terms of diagonals d1 and d2 ,

QUADRILATERALS
SQUARE
QUADRILATERALS
RECTANGLE
QUADRILATERALS
RHOMBUS
QUADRILATERALS
PARALLELOGRAM
QUADRILATERALS
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoidal Strip of Land from a Triangular Lot
A strip of 640 m2 is sold from a triangular field whose sides are 96 m, 72 m, and 80 m.
The strip is of uniform width h and has one of its sides parallel to the longest side of
the field. Find the width of the strip.
A. 7.1 m
B. 8.1 m
C. 8.7 m
D. 7.7 m
Trapezoidal Strip of Land from a Triangular Lot
Trapezoidal Strip of Land from a Triangular Lot
Trapezoidal Strip of Land from a Triangular Lot
 CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL
A quadrilateral is said to be cyclic if its vertices all
lie on a circle. In cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of two
opposite angles is 180° (or π radian); in other words, the two
opposite angles are supplementary.
CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL
The area of a cyclic quadrilateral is given by:

Ptolemy's Theorem for Cyclic Quadrilateral

For any cyclic quadrilateral, the product of the diagonals is equal to the sum of
the products of non-adjacent sides. In other words
Quadrilateral with one side as diameter of circumscribing circle
Find the fourth side of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle having one of its sides equal
to 20 m as its diameter, and the other two sides adjacent to the diameter are 8 m and
12 m respectively.

20 m
Quadrilateral Circumscribing a Circle
Quadrilateral circumscribing a circle (also
called tangential quadrilateral) is a
quadrangle whose sides are tangent to a
circle inside it.
Area,

Where:
r = radius of inscribed circle
s = semi-perimeter = (a + b + c + d)/2
Quadrilateral Circumscribing a Circle
POLYGONS
POLYGON
Polygon is a closed plane figure bounded by straight lines. There are two basic types
of polygons, a convex and a concave polygon. Polygon is said to be convex if no side
when extended will pass inside the polygon, otherwise it is concave.
POLYGON
The following are true for convex polygon
1. The sum of the angles of polygon of n sides is 180°(n - 2) right angles.
2. The exterior angles of a polygon are together equal to 4 right angles. (360°)

Sum of interior angles:

Number of diagonals:
REGULAR POLYGONS

Regular polygons are polygons with all

sides equal and all included angles equal.
Meaning, regular polygons are both equilateral
and equiangular.
REGULAR POLYGONS
PROPERTIES OF A REGULAR POLYGON
1. The center of the circumscribing circle, the
center of inscribed circle, and the center of
polygon itself are coincidence.
2. All sides of regular polygon are equal in length; it
is denoted by x in the figure.
3. All included angles are equal; it is denoted by β.
4. All external angles α, are equal.
5. Central angles of each segment are equal; it is
denoted by θ.
REGULAR POLYGONS
PROPERTIES OF A REGULAR POLYGON
6. The apothem is the radius of the inscribed circle, r.
7. The number of sides is equal to the number of
vertices, both are denoted by n.
8. Diagonals that pass through the center has length
equal to the diameter of the circumscribing circle.
9. The triangular segment with area denoted as A1 is an
isosceles triangle. The length of the two equal sides
of this triangle is the radius of the circumscribing
circle and the altitude of this triangle is the radius
of the inscribed circle.
REGULAR POLYGONS
FORMULAS
REGULAR POLYGONS
FORMULAS
REGULAR POLYGONS
FORMULAS
REGULAR POLYGONS
FORMULAS
Dimensions of smaller equilateral triangle inside the circle
From the figure shown, ABC and DEF are equilateral triangles. Point E is the midpoint
of AC and points D and F are on the circle circumscribing ABC. If AB is 12 cm, find DE.
Dimensions of smaller equilateral triangle inside the circle
From the figure shown, ABC and DEF are equilateral triangles. Point E is the midpoint
of AC and points D and F are on the circle circumscribing ABC. If AB is 12 cm, find DE.
Dimensions of smaller equilateral triangle inside the circle
From the figure shown, ABC and DEF are equilateral triangles. Point E is the midpoint
of AC and points D and F are on the circle circumscribing ABC. If AB is 12 cm, find DE.
Area common to three squares inside the regular hexagon
Three squares are drawn so that each will contain a side of regular hexagon as shown
in the given figure. If the hexagon has a perimeter of 60 in., compute the area of the
region common to the three squares. The required area is the shaded region in the
figure.
Area common to three squares inside the regular hexagon
Three squares are drawn so that each will contain a side of regular hexagon as shown
in the given figure. If the hexagon has a perimeter of 60 in., compute the area of the
region common to the three squares. The required area is the shaded region in the
figure.
Area common to three squares inside the regular hexagon
Three squares are drawn so that each will contain a side of regular hexagon as shown
in the given figure. If the hexagon has a perimeter of 60 in., compute the area of the
region common to the three squares. The required area is the shaded region in the
figure.
THE CIRCLE
CIRCLE
Tangent - is a line that would pass through
one point on the circle.
Secant - is a line that would pass through two
points on the circle.
Chord - is a secant that would terminate on
the circle itself.
Diameter, d - is a chord that passes through
the center of the circle.
Radius, r - is one-half of the diameter.
CIRCLE
FORMULAS
CIRCLE
FORMULAS

<½c
CIRCLE
Central angle - Angle subtended by an arc of the circle from the center of the circle.
Inscribed angle - Angle subtended by an arc of the circle from any point on the
circumference of the circle. Also called circumferential angle and peripheral angle.
Area of Regular Five-Pointed Star
Find the area of the regular six-pointed star inscribed in a circle of radius 20 cm.
Area of Regular Six-Pointed Star
Find the area of the regular six-pointed star inscribed in a circle of radius 20 cm.
RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE
V = (mean B)h SOLIDS
FRUSTUM OF REGULAR PYRAMID
FRUSTUM OF RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE
PRISMATOID
TRUNCATED PRISM/CYLINDER
THE SPHERE
SPHERE
TERRESTRIAL SPHERE
ZONE
SPHERICAL SEGMENT
SPHERICAL SECTOR
REGULAR
POLYHEDRONS
REGULAR POLYHEDRON