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I English Presentation

Motherboard
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Contents

Introduction

Basic knowledge

Components

History

Conclusion
 Introduction

 Which device is the most important in

a computer?
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Introduction

CPU
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Introduction

Hard Drive
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Introduction

CD / DVD ROM
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Monitor
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 What do they connect to? What controls

them?
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II - Basic
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Basic

Other names:
- Mainboard
- Baseboard
- System board
- Logic board computers)
(Apple
Abbreviation: mobo
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Basic

Typesof Motherboard

Form factor
Specifies size, shape, and features of a device
Determined by motherboard

(Advanced Technology motherboard) A
motherboard that follows the same
design and 12x13" form factor that was
in the original IBM PC/AT.
Power connectors differ between AT and ATX
motherboards. AT motherboardsuse two 12-pin plugs to
power the motherboard, while an ATX motherboard uses
one 20-pin plug for the power supply. When using
an ATX form factor motherboard, you must use
an ATX power supply.
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Basic

Types of Motherboard
ATX form factor
Most common
Motherboard dimensions: up to 12” x 9.6”
Versions
Original ATX form factor used P1 connector
ATX Version 2.1 specifications added 4-pin auxiliary
connector
ATX Version 2.2 allowed for 24-pin P1 connector
Version 2.2 provides +12 volts, +5 volts, and +3.3
volts pins
Motherboard offers soft switch feature
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Basic
Types of Motherboard

Figure 4-2 The CPU on an ATX motherboard sits opposite the expansion
slots and does not block the room needed for long expansion cards
Courtesy: Course Technology/Cengage Learning
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Basic
Micro-ATX vs Mini-ITX vs ATX: A Size Comparison
The biggest difference between micro-ATX (mATX), mini-ITX, and
standard ATX motherboards are their dimensions:
Standard ATX: 12.0″ x 9.6″
Micro-ATX: 9.6″ x 9.6″
Mini-ITX: 6.7″ x 6.7″
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III - Components
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Components

PGA – Pin Grid Array

LGA– Land Grid Array

CPU Socket – Links the CPU to the motherboard

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Components

Chipsets
Northbridge
Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphics card.
Beginning from Intel Sandy Bridge in 2011, this motherboard component is no
longer present as it is in the CPU itself.
Southbridge

Also known as the Input/output Controller Hub

(ICH).Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate

with PCI slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion

cards), SATA connectors (hard drives, optical

drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports and

on-board audio.
RAM Slots

A memory aslot, memory socket, or RAM slot is what

allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the
computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be
2 to 4 memory slots (sometimes more on high-end
motherboards) and are what determine the type of RAM
used with the computer.
Fan Header

Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan

and computer case fans. See image above

for a close-up view.

ATX 12V Power Connector
Connects to the 4-pin or 8-pin power cable
of a power supply unit which supplies
power to the CPU.
ATX Power Connector
Connects to the 20 or 24-pin ATX power
cable of a power supply unit which
supplies power to the motherboard
SATA Connectors
Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid
state drives and optical drives for data
transfer. See image above for a close-up
view.
mSATA Connector

Connects to a mSATA solid state drive. In

most cases, this SSD is used as cache to
speed up hard disk drives, but it's possible to
re-purpose it as a regular hard drive.
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Basic

BIOS
• firmware connects hardware and
software
• identify component
hardware
• boot the computer

ROM with BIOS

PCI Slots PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect

Slot for older expansion cards such as

sound cards, network cards, connector
cards.
3. PCI Express x1 Slots
Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound
cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire,
eSATA) and certain low-end graphics cards.
4. PCI Express x16 Slot
Slot for discrete graphic cards
Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors
Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of
a computer case.
Front Panel USB 3.0 Connectors
Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of
a computer case.
Front Panel Connectors
Connects to the power switch, reset switch,
power LED, hard drive LED and front audio ports
of a computer case.
CMOS Battery
Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep
the real-time clock running. The CMOS battery
found on most motherboards is the CR2032
lithium coin cell.
Phase out Connectors and Slots
The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) was
designed as a high-speed point-to-point channel for
attaching a video card to a computer system,
primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D
computer graphics.
Phase out Connectors and Slots
IDE Connector

Connects to older hard drive disks and optical

drives for data transfer. See image above for a
close-up view. Have been replaced over by SATA
Connectors.
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Phase out Connectors and Slots

ISA Slots

• Industry Standard Architecture

• connect internal peripherals such as
modems and network cards
• run at only a 8Mhz maximum
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Components

Components

Internal External
- PCI slots - PS/2
- AGP connectors
- ISA slots - USB ports
- Chipset - Parallel ports
- CPU - Game ports
socket - COM ports
- DIMM - etc
- CMOS
- etc
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Components

PS/2 Connectors

• 2 PS/2 connectors: for mouse and for

• keyboard
• same size, same shape, different
colours not interchangeable
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Components

USB Ports

• connect external components

• change the devices without switching
the power off
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IV - History
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History

• In 1947 the first transistor was invented

• CPU, memory and I/O peripherals
were housed on individual PCBs
• In 1980s, motherboards began to
include single ICs
• At present, motherboards support a
full range of audio, video, storage, and
networking functions
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Conclusion
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Reference

• http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Mainboar
d
• http://www.pantherproducts.co.uk
• and many other sources
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Q&A

If you have any questions, please

hesitate to ask us. We’ll be willing
don’t
to
answer them.
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