Curriculum Planning

The process whereby the advance arrangement of

learning opportunities for a particular population of
learners is created.

It is the decision-making process about the content

and the organization of learning for which the school
is responsible.
Three Major Sources of Curriculum (Tyler, 1949):

•Subject Matter
•Society
•Learners

Four Elements of the Curriculum:

•Goals
•Content
•Learning Experiences
•Evaluation
 oSociety is useful in selecting curriculum goals and
objectives, content & learning experiences.

oTeachers need to understand the culture, socio-

economic, and political conditions of the people.

Changes in society that need to be considered in creating

the curriculum:

•Science and Technology

•New world Economy

•Becoming multilingual and multicultural

•Other social issues like Global Warming

 oKnowledge about the learners is one of the major sources
of the curriculum for the educators and curriculum
developers tries to align the curriculum to the needs and
nature of the students.

Students differ from each other in terms of:

•Cultures
•Languages
•Learning Styles
•Needs

•Types and Levels of Motivation

•Socio-economic Status
•Educational Backgrounds
oOne of the main sources of curriculum for different
subjects are unique in terms of design and content.

oThere are specific skills and contents that should be

emphasized.

oThe curriculum framework, curriculum goals,

descriptions, standards, and competencies in different
subjects will help educators understand what should be
taught and how to teach the different subjects.
 External Influences

Organizational Influences Society/Government

Discipline Associations
Program Relationships Marketplace/Alumni
Resources
Governance

Internal Influences

Faculty, Students, Academic Plan

Discipline and
Program Mission

Three major factors that influence curriculum (Stark & Lattuca, 1997)
oHave different interests, needs, talents, abilities, learning
styles and thinking preferences.

oComes from different families with different cultures,

religious affiliations, beliefs, language, and socio-
economic status

oHave different demographic characteristics and

academic backgrounds
oFundamental bases in developing the curriculum goals
and objectives, content, learning experiences, and
evaluations.

oThese three factors are included in all the lesson plans or

course syllabi to ensure that the core values of the
institution are included on the syllabi.

oThese three factors are reflections of what the institution

can contribute to the society and to the development of
individuals.
oSet to give order and provide smooth implementation of
the curriculum.

oPolicies set the standard of what kind of students are

admitted and what are the things they need to do until
they graduate.

oThese develops the hidden curriculum of the school.

oBring with them their educational background,
experiences, expertise, and personal, professional,
political views on the institution.

oHave different interests, teaching styles, and

philosophies

oThey are the key implementers of the curriculum

oIn basic education, teachers take the role of a second

parent to their students.

oIn college level, teachers are seen as experts in their

fields.
oIncluding the Board of Trustees, play an important role
in providing curriculum leadership in schools, colleges,
and universities.

oThey serve as the curriculum and instructional leaders.

Administer the planning, implementation, and evaluation
of the curriculum.
oEqually influential in basic education and in higher
education.

oSet the necessary standards for curriculum, instruction,

faculty, and facilities, and influence how the curricular
program is governed.

oDetermine the quality of the courses being offered in the

institution.

oThey are in charge for evaluating the quality of education

for each member institution based on criteria set by the
accrediting agency.
The rise of accrediting agencies
• Officially started on 1957
Accrediting Agencies
1. The Philippine Accrediting Association of School,
Colleges, and Universities (PAASCU).
2. The Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities -
Commission on Accreditation (PACU_COA).
3. Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and
Universities - Accrediting Agency Incorporation
(ACSCU-AAI).
4. Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and
Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP).
oMost influential in curriculum planning and
development.

oIn basic education, DepEd issues Dos and memoranda

that serve as guide for all public and private schools in the
country. Deped also prescribes the official curriculum for
basic education and issues the guidelines for operations
for private schools.

oIn tertiary education, the CHED prescribes the minimum

general education and professional courses, course credits
and course description to be taken by the students.
oNeeds of the society are very influential in planning and
developing curriculum.

oStudents need to have the knowledge, values, and skills

that would meet the needs and demands of different
institutions.

oStudents are expected to possess 21st century skills.

oSchools are expected to develop graduates that can be

assets and good citizens of society.
oHelpful in terms of donating money for supporting
programs for students, faculty scholarships, professorial
chairs, school facilities, and financing students; activities.

oTheir comments or evaluation feedback based on their

previous experiences as students are very useful
information for improving the implemented curriculum of
the school.

oLiving testimony of the curriculum or the quality of

education offered by a particular school
oThe presence of technology and Internet enables the
students and teachers to access almost all the information
and information from online journals and papers they
need for teaching and learning.

oTechnology connects the school to the global community.

oInasmuch as ICT is changing the landscape of schooling,

it is also changing how the courses are planned and
implemented.

oComputers, LCD projectors, internet facilities, and other

forms of technology are made available for instructional
purposes in the school.
oMany religious institutions serve as extension programs
or mission programs of the churches and religious orders
that establish them.

oThe school offers institutional requirements such as

Bible subjects, theology and Christian living subjects.
Some also offer retreats, chapel services and other
religious activities to their students.
oVery important in the implementation of the curriculum.

oRespondents explained that school clinics, guidance

office, canteen, chapel for sectarian schools, and
laboratories are very useful in providing quality
education, especially in implementing the curriculum.
Among these services and student support system institutionalized by
the schools are the following:

Campus Ministry
Guidance and Counseling Services
Health Services
Financial Assistance and Scholarships
Student Affairs Office