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NEWBORN
Identifying data
Chief complaint
History of presenting problem
Antepartum history
Obstetric history
Intrapartum history
Family medical, Maternal medical, and
social history
Physical assessment
Minimum prerequisites
o Mother & baby together
o The baby should be naked under radiant warmer, Warm
room, fresh clean sheet/clothes
o Thermometer
o Weighing scale
o Watch with seconds
o Stethoscope
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Examination at birth
Aim
o To describe and carry out an examination of a
baby soon after birth
Objectives
o To screen for malformations , birth injuries
o To observe smooth transition to extra uterine life
o An asses overall of baby’s condition
Assess:
Look for
Look for abnormal swelling
Abnormality of limbs & spine
Eyes, ears, umbilicus
Observe
Breathing rate / pattern
Color
Heart rate
Activity- feeding , movements
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Color of the baby
10
Assess:
Look for
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Posture
The normal resting posture of a term newborn baby:
loosely clenched fists
flexed arms, hips, and knees
Small babies (less than 2.5 kg at birth or born before
37 weeks gestation)
the limbs may be extended
Babies born in the breech position may have fully
flexed hips and knees; the feet the mouth; and legs
may even reach near the mouth.
The normal resting posture of a
baby born breech
Ask
o Breastfeeding
o Activity of the baby
o Any other problems*
Check
o Weigh the baby
o Temperature
Record
•Passage of meconium up to 24 hrs and urine up
to 48 hrs of life is usually normal
A. Cardiorespiratory System
1. Color:
Important index of cardiorespiratory function
→ in white infant: reddish pink, possibly
acrocyanosis
→ dark-skinned : the mucous membranes are
more reliable indicators than skin
→ infant of DM mother & preterm are pinker
than average
→ postmature infants are paller
2. Respiratory Rate:
- N : 40-60 breath/min
Aim
To ensure that baby is normal on exclusive breast
feeds
Objective
To screen that heart is normal
To ensure baby has no significant jaundice or
danger signs
Tell about follow up and danger signs
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At discharge, the infant should be reexamined with the
following points considered:
A. Heart. Development of murmur, cyanosis, failure,
femoral pulses.
B. CNS. Fullness of fontanelles, sutures, activity.
C. Abdomen. Any masses previously missed, stools,
urine output.
D. Skin. Jaundice, pyoderma.
E. Cord. Infection.
F. Infection. Signs of sepsis.
G. Feeding. Spitting, vomiting, distension, degree of
weight loss (or gain), dehydration.
H. Parental competence. To provide adequate care.
I. Follow-up. Arrangements made with infant's
primary physician.
Danger signs
EN-
Examination on follow-up
Aim
To ensure that baby is growing well on exclusive breast
feeds & give immunization as per national policy
Objective
To record the anthropometry weight , head circumference
To ensure baby has no malformations like – cardiac murmurs
Positioning
o Head in line with body
o Well supported
o Abdomen touches the
mother abdomen
o Turned to the mother
Attachment
o Mouth wide open
o Lower lip everted
o Little areola visible
o Chin touches mother breast
Assessment of feeding
adequacy
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The umbilicus: Which one is
normal?
No discharge