Grasping the Ocean……

• Earth's seas
together: the whole
body of salt water on
the Earth
• large amount: a vast
amount or expanse of
something
 “Wat’Z an OCeaN?”
Ocean and
Oceanography, great body
 of salt water comprising
all the oceans and seas
that cover nearly three-
fourths of the surface of
the earth, and the
scientific study of the
physical, chemical, and
biological aspects of the
so-called world ocean.
 D’ Ocean
DeEp!?!?!??!!?!?!
 ‘Der
are five greatest oceans:
the Pacific Ocean
the Atlantic
the Indian
the Arctic
the Southern Ocean
around
 ‘Der are also many seas
including the
Medeterranean & Red
Sea….
 It was also revealed dat

der are hugely varied

landscape on the ocean
bed, with high
mountains, wide plains
 Into the Abyss
Around the edge of the ocean is a
shelf of shallow water called the
continental shelf. At the edge of
the shelf, ‘d ocean bed plunges
steeply to the ocean floor, known
as the abyssal plain. It’s a vast
plain, but not completely flat.
 “Deep Dive”
 Astwo giant tectonic plates
move apart, a deep gash
opens up in the ocean floor-
an ocean trench. The
deepest point on the Earth’s
surface is the Challenger
Deep in the Marianas
Trench in the West Pacific,
10,920 m. deep. In 1960,
the Trieste, an underwater
craft or bathyscaphe, dived
almost to the bottom.
 Compsition of Sediments
 The ocean floor is covered by an
average of 0.5 km (0.3 mi) of sediment,
but the thickness varies up to about 7
km (4.3 mi) in the Argentine Basin in
the South Atlantic. Some regions,
particularly the central parts of the
midocean ridges where new crust is
formed, have little, if any, sediment on
them. The sediments are studied by
dredging and by deep-sea exploration
projects such as the Ocean Drilling
Program, which obtains core samples of
seafloor sediment from all the world’s
 ReSouRceZzZZzzzz…
 The oceans are being looked to as a major source
of food for the future. High productivity
characterizes certain regions in the oceans, but
larger regions of low productivity also exist.
Production is the amount of organic matter fixed,
or changed into stable compounds, by
photosynthetic organisms in a given unit of time.
Estimates of the yearly world ocean production of
organic matter, fixed from inorganic carbon and
nutrients, amount to about 130 billion metric
tons. This process begins with phytoplankton,
which are photosynthetic plants that turn carbon
into organic matter with the aid of sunlight;
zooplankton and fish feed on phytoplankton, and
each member of this part of the food web has its
own predator.
 Pollution

Because the sea is expected to yield still larger quantities of valuable

resources in the future, and because the water itself is now being
used on a small scale through desalination, the concern for
preserving the integrity of the ocean has grown. The contaminative
effect of increasing technological development and industrialization
has been known to disrupt and destroy the fragile coastal ecology by
indiscriminate discharge of industrial and municipal waste into the
sea. The pollution of the marine environment by petroleum and
chemical spillage and sewage disposal has helped focus world
 ~~~~~Ocean Floor~~~~~
 A variety of geographic and geologic features
make up the ocean floor provinces, or regions.
Shallow basins occur near the continental shelf
and transition into the continental slope and
continental rise. Deep marine trenches, such as
the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, are
usually found in volcanically active regions. The
Pacific Ocean has many seamounts, such as
volcanoes and flat-topped guyots. In other
places, the ocean floor forms a flat, abyssal
plain. The abyssal plain covers more than 30
percent of Earth’s surface.
 Formation of
Oceanic Ridge
An oceanic ridge
develops on the ocean
floor where the
boundaries of tectonic
plates meet. Molten
rock is forced up at
these boundaries and
OCeAn CuRrents
 Vertical Ocean Circulation

► The predominant circulation patterns in the open

ocean are horizontal ocean currents that affect the
upper surface waters, but the vertical circulation of
open ocean water masses may be more important for
marine life. The nutrient-rich waters encourage the
growth of plankton, which serves as the base for the
food chain throughout the oceans. In thermohaline
circulation, differences in the temperature, density,
and salinity of ocean water masses cause the nutrient-
rich deep ocean waters to rise and mix with surface
waters. Thermohaline circulation is restricted to polar
regions of the northern and southern hemispheres.
 Sources:
www.google.com

www.wikipedia.org

Microsoft Encarta

www.printartist.com
PRESENTED BY..

Ana Katrina Langit Pelaco

Claudette Alodia Lumio

Karmela Rose Ramos

Mariedel Louise Lanto