What is an Operating System?

• Operating System acts as an interface between the application

programs and the machine hardware.

• It is a software, which makes a computer to actually work.

• The OS organizes and controls the hardware.

• It is the software that enables all the programs we use.

• Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.

Structure of Operating System
 What OS does?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as,

• controlling and allocating memory,

• Provides security
• controlling input and output devices,
• facilitating networking and
• managing file systems.
 OS - Booting the PC
•The bootstrap loader sets up the
small driver programs that
interface with and control the
various hardware.

•It sets up the divisions of

• memory
• user information, and
• applications.
 Mostly used OS
– Windows
– Mac OS
– Unix/Linux and their siblings.
– Chrome OS
 WINDOWS OS
• Microsoft Windows operating system was developed by
Microsoft to
overcome the limitation of its own MS-DOS operating
system.

• Its first successful version was Windows 3.0, released in

1990.

• Subsequently released version were “Windows 95,

Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP,
Windows XP Professional , Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and latest one is Windows 10.”
 Windows version breakdown
other

Windows Vista

Windows 8

Windows XP

Windows 8.1

Windows 10

Windows 7

0.00% 5.00% 10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%40.00%45.00%

Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows
other
7 10 8.1 XP 8 Vista
Jan 2018 41.86% 42.78% 8.72% 3.36% 2.44% 0.74% 0.10%
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
 easy to use
 Huge software Library
 Easy to upgrade
 no need t o install the driver of
any external pheriphal devices-
just plug & play
 Performance monitor
 Good gaming experience
Disadvantages
 High resource requirements
 Poor security
 Virus susceptibility
 Additional expenses-antivirus ,
firewall, internet security
 Outrageous license agreements
 Mac OS
• Mac OS is a series of
graphical user interface-based
operating systems developed by Apple Inc. for their
Macintosh line of computer systems.
• Mac OS was designed only to run on Apple Computers.

• In 1984, Apple
introduced the Macintosh PC with the
Macintosh Operating System.
• Applenames its OS as “Mac OS”, beginning in 1997
which was previously known as “System”.
 Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 powerful user interface expensive
 Fewer viruses and other security issues Inflexible when it comes to hardware
upgrades
 Seamless integration between OS and Lack of game titles and advanced
hardware gaming experience
 Comes preloaded with productivity App ecosystem is still lacklustre
apps

 multitasking
 Integration with other Apple products
 Version Codename Release date
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah March 24,2001
Mac OSX 10.1 Puma September 25,
2001
Mac OSX 10.2 Jaguar August 24, 2002
Mac OSX 10.3 Panther October 24, 2003
Mac OSX 10.4 Tiger April 29, 2005
Mac OSX 10.5 Leopard October 26, 2007
Versions of Mac OSX 10.6
Mac OSX 10.7
Snow Leopard
Lion
August 28, 2009
July 20, 2011
MacOS Mac OSX 10.8
Mac OSX 10.9
Mountain Lion
Mavericks
July 25, 2012
October 22, 2013
Mac OSX 10.10 Yosemite October 16,
2014
Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan September
30,2015
Mac OS 10.12 Sierra September
20,2016
Mac OS 10.13 High Sierra September
25,2017
Mac OS 10.14 Masada June 2018
 Linux and Unix
• Unix was the first usable OS and still widely
used today. It runs on special computers, e.g.
Sun, Silicon Graphics, HP, DEC, dell, etc.

• Linux was a miracle, initalized by Linus

Torvalds and maintained by programmers all
over the world.

• It was developed as a free operating system

for personal computers

• Both Linux and Unix use an X-Windows GUI

 Advantages & Disadvantages

Limited
Free of Software
Cost

Low pc
Stability
require Advantages Disadvantages
ment
Poor Hard to
Hardware learn , use
support And install
Secure
 Google Chrome OS
 Google Chrome OS is a operating system designed
by Google to work exclusively with web
applications.

 Google Chrome OS is an open source,

lightweight operating system which is initially
intended for secondary devices like netbooks,
not as a user's primary PC.

 Speed, simplicity and security are the key aspects.

 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 Speedy boot-up, as fast as three- Hardware specific :-Runs only
seconds certain devices, not downloadable

 Inbuilt Security Limited Software :-Only Google

software can be used, No tradition

 Simple design It specifically target the Internet

generation
 Synchronization- data stored on The lack of Photoshop or another
the cloud decent image editing application.

 Amazing web apps It requires access to the Internet

to maximize Chrome usage. The
lack of offline support is a huge
disadvantage
 Desktop/Laptop operating system browsing
statistics

Chrome OS

Linux

others

macOS

Windows

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Windows macOS others Linux Chrome OS
Jan-18 82.68 12.8 2.19 1.43 0.9