An Bag-o Nga Ortograpiya

Han Waray

GRETEL LAURA MOSCARE CADIONG, Ed. D.

Education Program Supervisor
Session Objectives
At the end of the session, participants are
expected to:
1. explain what an orthography is and its
uses.
2. discuss spelling rules of Waray.
3. write simple sentences in Waray

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 Let’s see!

1. Work as a group.
2. Write on a Manila paper the words that the
facilitator will dictate.
3. Post your work and check out your spelling as
discussion progresses.

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Gugma nga nagtikadako
• Adton gugma nga nagtikadako Diri an nalabay la akon gin aaaro
• Adton adlaw sa may kalangitan Kamot nga nabulig, akon gin aaro

• Ayaw ak lingua ipakita napaid

• kun ikaw naghahatag tatagan ka liwat
• Ayaw ak bidua ihatag na yana
• Buwas harayo na
• Yana an panahon

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 What is an Orthography?

• The art of writing words with the proper letters

according to standard usage
• The representation of the sounds of a language by
written or printed symbols
• A part of the language that deals with letters and
spelling
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 The WARAY Orthography
• Has been made possible through the initiative of LNU and was made
through the research of:
- Voltaire Q. Oyzon, Firie Jill T. Ramos, Michael Carlo C. Villas &
Ma. Ricardo D. Nolasco
• Agreed and approved through a forum “Pagpabaskog han Minat-an
nga Pinulongan: A Colloqium on Waray Language,” in Leyte Normal
University on May 16-17, 2011, with representatives from Samar, N.
Samar, E. Samar, Biliran and Leyte.
• Revised and agreed upon in a forum “Review and Enhancement of
Waray Working Orthography” Oriental Hotel, Palo, Leyte on July 12,
2017, together with representatives from the 13 Schools Division of
Rehiyon 8.
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 An Abakadahan nga Kadaan
• There are 18 letters of the old alphabet system of Waray
Aa “a” Nn “na”
Bb “ba” Ng ng “nga”
Kk “ka” Pp “pa”
Dd “da” Rr “ra”
Gg “ga” Ss “sa”
Hh “ha” Tt “ta”
Ii “i” Uu “u”
Ll “la” Ww “wa”
Mm “ma” Yy “ya”
` - (glottal stop)
• There are only 3 vowels (tiringgan) (Aa, Ii, Uu)
• The glottal stop is a consonant (mangarabay) which is between a consonant and a vowel and uses a hyphen
• Example: matig-a

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 An Pinahilawig nga Abakadahan
Aa “ey” Kk “key” ” Rr “ar”
Bb “bi” Ll “el” Ss “es”
Cc “si” Mm “em Tt “ti’
Dd “di” Nn “en” Uu “yu”
Ee “i” Ññ “enye” Vv “vi”
Ff “ef” Ng ng “enji” Ww “dobol yu”
Gg “ji” Oo “o” Xx “eks”
Hh “eych” Pp “pi” Yy “way”
Ii “ay” Qq “kyu” Zz “zi”
Jj “jey” `- “glottal stop”

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 Basic Rules
• The Waray alphabet system is used as basis to teach learners read,
listen and write Waray words.
• For beginning reading, the original letters (those that are in the old
alphabet system) should be taught first before teaching them with the
borrowed letters such as Cc. Ff. Jj, Qq, Vv, Zz.
• The original Waray words follow the C-V or C-V-C syllabic pattern.
• Borrowed letters are used to spell names of places and persons as
well as scientific and technical terms
• Historical spelling of words should be retained, even if it may violate
some spelling rules of the language

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

• The alphabet system of Waray adopted the letters including those that are
not of Waray origin to make our learners realize that word spelling of
other languages may be different from ours. Hence, we consider the
following spelling to be both correct and adopt these words as part of our
own language.
- pangadyi/ pangadi
- taksi / taxi
- kompyuter / computer
• In using borrowed letters, “one symbol, one sound” principle is no longer
followed. Thus, one letter can possibly have two o more sounds.
Example: /k/ for Catbalogan and /s/ for Cecilia
/h/ for Jose and /j/ for Jenn

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using i and e.

1. All words that are originally Waray with the vowel or
sound of /i/ should be written in i not e.
Example:
diri ( not dire or deri) babayi ( not babaye)
hini ( not hine or heni) lalaki ( not lalake)
ini ( not ine or eni) lamisa ( not lamesa)
iton ( not eton) istorya (not estorya)
pirmi ( not permi or pirme)

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using i and e.

2. Only borrowed words adopted by Waray are spelled with
e.
Example:
ahente
bakante
bandera
aksidente
bisikleta
ahensiya
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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using o and u.

1. Letter o is used when the word has only one sound
of /o/ or /u/ found
at the last syllable of the word and no other
consonant follows.
Examples:
kabo liko tigo lako
dako bato igo pako
walo pato ato laso

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using o and u.

2. Letter o is used when the word has more than one
syllable and has one sound of /o/ or /u/ followed
by a consonant.
Example:
manok kahoy sagdon
lidong lawod pawod
baton patod tikod
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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using o and u.

3. When the first syllable of the word
has the /o/ or /u/, oftentimes letter
u is used.
Example:
suman suka tuna luwag
huna-huna bunay buri
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tuna
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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

The rule of using o and u.

4. When the word has two or more sounds of /o/ or /u/,
letter u is used in the first to second or third syllable and
the on the last syllable is letter o.
Examples:
sulod pulong puplunganon magturutdo
tulo tuko turo turugpo

5. However, when suffix “–on” is added to the root word, the

last letter should be changed to u before adding the suffix
“–on”.
Kurukuso + on - kurukusuon dugo + on - duguon
Luto +on – lutuon
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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Rule in adding a suffix

When adding an affix to a root word, just add
the suffix but do not change the spelling of the
root word.
Example:
lidong to lidongi ( not lidungi)
baton to batona ( not batuna)
himo to himoa ( not himua)

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY
Common errors in word usage
a. Use nga instead of na
Wrong: Mahusay na bata.
Correct: Mahusay nga bata.

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY
Common errors in word usage

b. Use kun instead of kon

Wrong: Kon kita magkaurusa.
Correct: Kun kita magkaurusa.

( But we spell akon)

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Common errors in word usage

c. Use gin- instead of guin.
Wrong: Guin-iimbitar an ngatanan pagtambong han miting.
Correct: Gin-iimbitar ang ngatanan pagtambong han miting.

“guin” is used only for names of places and persons.

Example: Dr. Guino
Mr. Guido
Guinarona
Quinapondan
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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Common errors in word usage

d. Use may ada instead of may-ada or
mayda.

Wrong: May-ada kami bisita.

Correct: May ada kami bisita.

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Rule in writing words with repetitive syllables

Retain the spelling of the word even if the
syllables are repeated. Use a hyphen.
Example:
huna-huna ( not huna-hona)
banog- banog ( not banug-banog)
usa-usa ( not usa-osa)

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Rules in writing borrowed words

1. If words to be borrowed are added with affixes, spell it
as it is and separate it from the affix with a hypen.
Example:
ig-verify ig-check ig-follow-up
ig-text internet-tan
load-i washing-i

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Rules in writing borrowed words

2. Borrowed words should be spelled as it is (carbon dioxide,
photosynthesis). Its spelling can only be changed to Waray if
its meaning is different from its original meaning.
Example:
istambay which means waray trabaho o ginhihimo versus stand by means to wait
diretso which means “go straight” versus derecho (Spanish) which means to turn to direction
ismagol means “slippers” versus smuggle (English) which means to take or bring something
illegaly

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 SPELLING RULES FOR WARAY

Some words in Waray do not follow spelling rules.

They are traditionally spelled as:
paglaum
nasud
kalibungan

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 BASIC STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES
• Pattern 1: Verb + Noun
Malakat hi Ana.
Nakaon an ayam ni Mano Waldo.

• Pattern 2: Verb + Pronoun

Malakat ako.
Mapahuway hi nanay.

• Pattern 3: Adjective + Noun

Mahusay hi Rona.
Huruhitaas an an puno han lubi kontra han puno han bayabas.
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 AN MGA KUGIT HA WARAY
( PUNCTUATION MARKS)
1. sisip – apostrophe
2. kugit – diacritical mark
3. tiringgan – vowel
4. abakadahan – alphabet
5. tigaman panpakiana – question mark
6. mangarabay – consonant
7. batlang – dash
8. turuok/kawhit – comma
9. tulbok – period;
10. hil-ot – parenthesis
11. kugit-kugit – quotation mark
12. katingala – exclamation point
13. balaong/tulbok-kawhit – semi-colon
14. laton – syllable
15. kambang – colon

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Get a feel of your language!
Write the following sentences in Waray. Observe
correct spelling.
1. Let’s fly kite this afternoon.
2. Follow up from the teachers the report that will be
submitted.
3. The girls’ toilet is dirty.
4. We need to cook the rice now.
5. Circle the correct answer.
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 “Tell me how much a nation knows
about its own language, and I will tell
you how much the nation knows about
its identity.” - John Ciardi-

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