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Physics
Mrs. Coyle
Reflection
di=do
hi=ho
Type of Image
• Real or Virtual
• Enlarged or Reduced
• Erect or Inverted
What is the minimum mirror
height required for a person
to see their full self in the
mirror?
Hint: Compare AB to CD
C
A
D
Refraction
• When a wave crosses a boundary
between Medium 1 and Medium 2, the
wave changes direction because it
changes velocity.
• http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college/halliday/0471320005
/simulations6e/index.htm
Refraction
Example
Incident
Ray Less Rigid
Medium
More Rigid
Medium
Refracted
ray bends
towards
the
Refracted Ray
normal.
Index of Refraction, n
n=c/v
• n>1 (Why?)
Indices of Refraction
Vacuum 1.00
Air 1.0003
Water 1.33
Ethanol 1.36
Crown glass 1.52
Quartz 1.52
Diamond 2.42
Note
• The speed of light has a lower speed
in a more optically dense medium.
Problem
• What is the speed of light in quartz?
• n1 sin 1 = n2 sin
Note
When the incident ray travels from
a less optically dense medium
(low n)
to
a more optically dense medium
(higher n)
• Answer: 18.5 o
Total Internal Reflection
• Can occur when ray goes from
higher n to lower n.
• Above a Critical angle (of incidence)
the ray is reflected, not refracted
• http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/refraction.htm
• Answer: 48.8 o
Dispersion
• The index of refraction of glass is different
for the colors that make up white light
because the speed of light is slightly
different in glass for each frequency of
light. (In vacuum all colors have speed
c=3x108m/s.)
Problem
The index of refraction for crown
glass for red light is 1.514.
What is the speed of red light in
crown glass?
http://www.warren-
wilson.edu/~physics/PhysPhotOfWeek/2007PPOW/20070921RoadMirage/IMG_
1444MirageCrop500.jpg
Mirage
Total internal reflection occurs because
hot air has a lower n, than cold air.
http://www.warren-
wilson.edu/~physics/PhysPhotOfWeek/2007PPOW/20070921RoadMirage/index.html