UNIT II:

COUNSELING
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SOCIAL SCIENCE

 Is the study of society and the manner in which

people behave and influenced the world around us.
 Its uttermost goal is to answer different questions and
problems about the society and human condition.
 It is very important for us to understand social science
to explain the behavioral pattern and human
phenomena.
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SCIENCE
Increases the knowledge of a particular field of study
through research via use of scientific method.
It is divided into different areas according to focus or
subject. These includes:
Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History,
Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology and
Demography
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SCIENCE
 Is the study that uses knowledge-base theories, principles, and
methods of interdisciplinary discipline of basic social science to
understand the society and help address or solve social
problem.
 It provides help to underprivileged and for those with less
opportunities in society like the poor and the indigenous people
to improve the condition of their lives or protect their rights. This
includes:
Counseling, Social Work, Communicology or communication
Studies, Education, Organizational Studies, and others
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Counseling is a field of study

THE or a discipline that is involved in the
DISCIPLINE of provision of advice or guidance in
COUNSELING decision-making, particularly in
emotionally significant situations.
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Some definitions of counseling include:

….help clients understand and clarify their

views of their life space, and to learn to reach
their self-determined goals through
meaningful, well-informed choices and through
resolution of an emotional or interpersonal nature
(Burks and Steffire, 1979)
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The task of counseling is to give the

client an opportunity to explore, discover
and clarify ways of giving more satisfyingly
and resourcefully. (BAC, 1984)
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1. Counseling is a conversation with

Characteristics
someone regarding some problem.
of
Counseling 2. Counselor draws out the facts from
the pupils through counseling
process.
3. Counseling helps the pupils in
making selections and following
those selections.
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4. Counseling is assistance to the persons in their

behavior related problems in which their emotions and
motivations are main.
5. Counseling involves interactions in which the counselor
accepts the responsibility of positive contribution in the
development of other people’s personality.
6. Counseling is a learning oriented process.
7. Counseling is a face to face relationship with a person.
This relationship is between a counselor and a client.
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8. Counseling is a professional
service.
9. Best counseling is in the
form of the decision made by
the counselee.
10. Counseling is possible in humorous and
cooperative environment only.
11. Counseling is completely based on self-
guidance.
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 The potential of every human being to

change and to continue learning
COUNSELING throughout the life span.
CORE VALUES  Strong relationships as the primary
vehicle in helping others to learn new
ways thinking, feeling and behaving.
 An emphasis on prevention of mental health
problems via education, intervention and
outreach into the University community.
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Training new professionals and support

for on-going training of staff.
Respect for diversity of individuals, their
culture, language , lifestyles, capabilities,
ideologies, intellectual capacities and to
expand our learning opportunities and
understanding of global connections.
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GOALS OF
COUNSELING
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 Basic Principles of Counseling 23

Process
A. Principle of Acceptance – according to this principle,
each client must be accepted as an individual and dealt
with as such. The counselor should give, due regard to
the rights of the client.
B. Principle of Permissiveness – all the thoughts accept
the relative relationship of counseling.
C. Principle of Respect for the individual – respecting
individual’s feeling must be an integral part of
counseling process.
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D. Principle of Thinking with the Individual – It is

the role of the counselor to think about all the forces
around the client to join client’s thought process and to
work collectively with the client regarding his problem.
E. Principle of Learning – all the assumptions of
counseling accept the presence of learning elements in
the counseling process.
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Supportive Counseling

Supportive counsellors give support, listen to people

and help them talk over their problems. Some
therapists combine supportive counselling with other
methods of psychological treatment such as cognitive
behavior therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and
psychodynamic psychotherapy.
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Confrontational Counseling
The counselor guides the counselee into
seeing what misdeeds were committed
and to realize the hurt that might have
been caused to other. As a Christian, the
counselor must help the client to confess,
forsake his sins and accept the
forgiveness of a long Savior.
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Educative Counseling

Focuses on teaching the client. The

counselor in this case is a teacher.
People may come to the counselor with
questions on social issues, religious
issues, or even career problems.
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Preventive Counseling
Is used to stop problems before they
start or to prevent things from getting
worse. Areas like “How to keep
healthy”, “How to prepare for
retirement” are examples of preventive
counseling.
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Spiritual Counseling
People may be seeking for a purpose in life.
This is the chance for the Christian counselor
to lead them to the Bible and to pray with
them. Sometimes, through spiritual counseling
the counselor may discover that the client has
some psychological issues that needed to be
dealt with.
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Depth Counseling
Depth therapy sessions are conducted
individually.. A session may involve the
exploration of current life events as well as
past experiences; in either case, the therapist
supports the person in treatment through the
process of self-awareness and inner wisdom
of the client.
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Informal Counseling

Takes place in a casual setting. It is any

situation where one person goes to another
for advice and help. The potent combination
of partnering, compassion, and position still
are in force, though in varying degrees
depending upon the situation
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GROUP
ACTIVITY 1
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In What Way Will Counseling Empower Me?

Instruction:

In our discussion on counseling goals, John McLeod contends

that: “counseling aims to empower the client by helping him/her
make critical decisions in life, develop ability to cope, enhance
effectiveness, and improve quality of life”.
What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support
it? How will it empower you? Explain your answer.
Write your answer in the box.
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GROUP
ACTIVITY 2
 Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most? 41

Instruction:
Among those four ethical principle that we discuss in
class, namely , principle of acceptance, principles of
permissiveness, principle of respect for the individual,
and principle of thinking with the individual, which will
you choose to present? Why this principle? What
aspect of the principle influences you? Please explain.
Write your answers on the box.
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Open Notes
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 Take It from the Expert! (Presentation) 44

To be able to appreciate better the counseling profession, the class

will be divided into six groups. Each group is required to interview a
counselor from any of the counselor’s work settings: school, mental
hospital, private agencies, community, and government. You interview
must focus on:

Institutional Profile:
The Work Setting (institution or agency where the counselor works) its
context, history, the different cases/ problems it handles , the program
implements, and the different approaches and interventions it applies;
the problems that the institution face and the victories and successes
of the institution.
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The counselor
The Counselor as a Professional – Questions may include: When did
you start working as a counselor in the institution? What programs do you
handle? What are responsibilities? What skills, values must a counselor
possess? How do you see yourself as a counselor? What do you enjoy
doing? What do you avoid doing? What challenges do you encounter as a
counselor? What helps you in your work? What education and training do
you need to enhance your work? What other message do you want to
convey?

Results and analysis of data from your interview must be written in a report.
Formulate your own title – a title which will embrace the data collected. The
ethics forms (letter of permission, consent from the institution and the
counselor) will be submitted together with the report.
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Guide Questions:

Based on your activity did you see the roles, values

and principles of counseling? What are those?
Explain.
For you is it counseling is a big responsibility? Why?
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QUIZ NO. 2